圖解SQL子查詢例項
1 建立示例表
先建立示例表;
------------------------- -- Create Customers table ------------------------- CREATE TABLE Customers ( cust_id char(10) NOT NULL , cust_name char(50) NOT NULL , cust_address char(50) NULL , cust_city char(50) NULL , cust_state char(5) NULL , cust_zip char(10) NULL , cust_country char(50) NULL , cust_contact char(50) NULL , cust_email char(255) NULL ); -------------------------- -- Create OrderItems table -------------------------- CREATE TABLE OrderItems ( order_num int NOT NULL , order_item int NOT NULL , prod_id char(10) NOT NULL , quantity int NOT NULL , item_price decimal(8,2) NOT NULL ); ---------------------- -- Create Orders table ---------------------- CREATE TABLE Orders ( order_num int NOT NULL , order_date datetime NOT NULL , cust_id char(10) NOT NULL ); ------------------------ -- Create Products table ------------------------ CREATE TABLE Products ( prod_id char(10) NOT NULL , vend_id char(10) NOT NULL , prod_name char(255) NOT NULL , prod_price decimal(8,2) NOT NULL , prod_desc varchar(1000) NULL ); ----------------------- -- Create Vendors table ----------------------- CREATE TABLE Vendors ( vend_id char(10) NOT NULL , vend_name char(50) NOT NULL , vend_address char(50) NULL , vend_city char(50) NULL , vend_state char(5) NULL , vend_zip char(10) NULL , vend_country char(50) NULL ); ---------------------- -- Define primary keys ---------------------- ALTER TABLE Customers WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Customers PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (cust_id); ALTER TABLE OrderItems WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT PK_OrderItems PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (order_num, order_item); ALTER TABLE Orders WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Orders PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (order_num); ALTER TABLE Products WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Products PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (prod_id); ALTER TABLE Vendors WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Vendors PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (vend_id); ---------------------- -- Define foreign keys ---------------------- ALTER TABLE OrderItems ADD CONSTRAINT FK_OrderItems_Orders FOREIGN KEY (order_num) REFERENCES Orders (order_num), CONSTRAINT FK_OrderItems_Products FOREIGN KEY (prod_id) REFERENCES Products (prod_id); ALTER TABLE Orders ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Orders_Customers FOREIGN KEY (cust_id) REFERENCES Customers (cust_id); ALTER TABLE Products ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Products_Vendors FOREIGN KEY (vend_id) REFERENCES Vendors (vend_id);
---------------------------
-- Populate Customers table
---------------------------
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)
VALUES('1000000001', 'Village Toys', '200 Maple Lane', 'Detroit', 'MI', '44444', 'USA', 'John Smith', ' [email protected]');
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact)
VALUES('1000000002', 'Kids Place', '333 South Lake Drive', 'Columbus', 'OH', '43333', 'USA', 'Michelle Green');
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)
VALUES('1000000003', 'Fun4All', '1 Sunny Place', 'Muncie', 'IN', '42222', 'USA', 'Jim Jones', ' [email protected]');
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)
VALUES('1000000004', 'Fun4All', '829 Riverside Drive', 'Phoenix', 'AZ', '88888', 'USA', 'Denise L. Stephens', '[email protected]');
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact)
VALUES('1000000005', 'The Toy Store', '4545 53rd Street', 'Chicago', 'IL', '54545', 'USA', 'Kim Howard');
-------------------------
-- Populate Vendors table
-------------------------
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('BRS01','Bears R Us','123 Main Street','Bear Town','MI','44444', 'USA');
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('BRE02','Bear Emporium','500 Park Street','Anytown','OH','44333', 'USA');
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('DLL01','Doll House Inc.','555 High Street','Dollsville','CA','99999', 'USA');
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('FRB01','Furball Inc.','1000 5th Avenue','New York','NY','11111', 'USA');
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('FNG01','Fun and Games','42 Galaxy Road','London', NULL,'N16 6PS', 'England');
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('JTS01','Jouets et ours','1 Rue Amusement','Paris', NULL,'45678', 'France');
--------------------------
-- Populate Products table
--------------------------
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BR01', 'BRS01', '8 inch teddy bear', 5.99, '8 inch teddy bear, comes with cap and jacket');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BR02', 'BRS01', '12 inch teddy bear', 8.99, '12 inch teddy bear, comes with cap and jacket');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BR03', 'BRS01', '18 inch teddy bear', 11.99, '18 inch teddy bear, comes with cap and jacket');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BNBG01', 'DLL01', 'Fish bean bag toy', 3.49, 'Fish bean bag toy, complete with bean bag worms with which to feed it');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BNBG02', 'DLL01', 'Bird bean bag toy', 3.49, 'Bird bean bag toy, eggs are not included');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BNBG03', 'DLL01', 'Rabbit bean bag toy', 3.49, 'Rabbit bean bag toy, comes with bean bag carrots');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('RGAN01', 'DLL01', 'Raggedy Ann', 4.99, '18 inch Raggedy Ann doll');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('RYL01', 'FNG01', 'King doll', 9.49, '12 inch king doll with royal garments and crown');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('RYL02', 'FNG01', 'Queen doll', 9.49, '12 inch queen doll with royal garments and crown');
------------------------
-- Populate Orders table
------------------------
INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20005, '2012-05-01', '1000000001');
INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20006, '2012-01-12', '1000000003');
INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20007, '2012-01-30', '1000000004');
INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20008, '2012-02-03', '1000000005');
INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20009, '2012-02-08', '1000000001');
----------------------------
-- Populate OrderItems table
----------------------------
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20005, 1, 'BR01', 100, 5.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20005, 2, 'BR03', 100, 10.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20006, 1, 'BR01', 20, 5.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20006, 2, 'BR02', 10, 8.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20006, 3, 'BR03', 10, 11.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20007, 1, 'BR03', 50, 11.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20007, 2, 'BNBG01', 100, 2.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20007, 3, 'BNBG02', 100, 2.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20007, 4, 'BNBG03', 100, 2.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20007, 5, 'RGAN01', 50, 4.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20008, 1, 'RGAN01', 5, 4.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20008, 2, 'BR03', 5, 11.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20008, 3, 'BNBG01', 10, 3.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20008, 4, 'BNBG02', 10, 3.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20008, 5, 'BNBG03', 10, 3.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20009, 1, 'BNBG01', 250, 2.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20009, 2, 'BNBG02', 250, 2.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20009, 3, 'BNBG03', 250, 2.49);
示例表的建立和插入資料指令碼可從此頁底部下載;
http://www.forta.com/books/0672336073/
以下是Customers和Orders表的情況;
2 獨立單值子查詢(獨立標量子查詢)
子查詢返回的是單個值,而不是資料集
select *
from customers as C
where C.cust_id=(
select O.cust_id from Orders as O where O.order_num = 20008
);
注:使用單值獨立子查詢時,一定要保證子查詢返回的是單個值,而不是資料集;
若返回的是資料集,則會出現如下狀況:
3 獨立多值子查詢
子查詢返回的是資料集
select *
from customers as C
where C.cust_id IN(
select O.cust_id from Orders as O where O.order_num between 20005 and 20007
);
4 相關子查詢
相關子查詢最基本的執行邏輯是:將外部表中的 “每一行” 逐行代入到子查詢中 (理解相關子查詢的關鍵)
select *
from Customers as C
where exists (
select * from Orders as O
where O.cust_id=C.cust_id and (O.order_num between 20005 and 20008)
);
5 作為計算欄位使用子查詢
統計顧客名字,顧客所在的州,顧客的訂單數;
select cust_name,cust_state,
(select COUNT(*) from Orders where Orders.cust_id=Customers.cust_id) as Orders
from Customers
order by cust_name;
第三列是子查詢,統計每個顧客的訂單數;
第三列的子查詢單獨執行情況如下;
select COUNT(*) from Orders where cust_id='1000000001';
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