對於mysql的資料庫的安裝，我們有很多種選擇來完成。而最為常用的為二進位制安裝以及原始碼安裝。二進位制安裝方式中，包括rpm版本以及glibc版本。rpm版本就是在特定linux版本下編譯的，如果你的linux版本匹配，就可以安裝，如針對RedHat6或者RedHat7編譯好的rpm包，下載對應的安裝即可。還有另外一種二進位制安裝包為基於特定的glibc版本編譯的，本文主要描述基於glibc方式安裝mysql。

一、準備安裝環境

###準備安裝介質
下載地址：http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 
 


###或者使用wget方式直接下載對應的版本
# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

# mkdir -pv /u01/app
# mkdir -pv /u01/soft
# mkdir -pv /u02/mysqldata

# cd /u01/soft
# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 
# tar -xf mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
 


# ln -sv /u01/soft/mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /u01/app/mysql
`/u01/app/mysql' -> `/u01/soft/mysql-5.7.12-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64'

###下面新增mysql使用者
# useradd -r mysql -s /sbin/nologin
# chown -R mysql:mysql /u01/app/mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /u02/mysqldata 

二、初始化mysql

###使用以下的方式來初始化
# cd /u01/app/mysql/bin
# ./mysqld --initialize --basedir=/u01/app/mysql --datadir=/u02/mysqldata --user=mysql --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
 

2016-06-28T02:18:23.437852Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2016-06-28T02:18:23.718104Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2016-06-28T02:18:23.866501Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this
     server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 9731b834-3cd6-11e6-8654-fcaa14e34b30.
2016-06-28T02:18:23.896540Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2016-06-28T02:18:23.898416Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: )%%D0pr,mU.Y

# ls /u02/mysqldata/
auto.cnf    client-cert.pem  ibdata1      performance_schema  sys
ca-key.pem  client-key.pem   ib_logfile0  server-cert.pem
ca.pem      client-req.pem   ib_logfile1  server-key.pem
ca-req.pem  ib_buffer_pool   mysql        server-req.pem
###從上面的結果可以看出 mysql 5.7多出了證書相關檔案，安全較5.6有較大提升

###mysql_install_db方式初始化資料已經被廢棄
# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/u01/app/mysql --datadir=/u02/mysqldata --user=mysql
2016-06-28 10:04:56 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. 
Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2016-06-28 10:05:15 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty:
2016-06-28 10:05:15 [WARNING] 2016-06-28T02:04:56.688237Z 0 
[Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead
2016-06-28T02:04:56.688654Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000)
2016-06-28T02:04:56.688657Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 2000)
###如上書提示，mysql_install_db方式初始化資料已經被廢棄，建議使用mysqld --initialize，同時也給出了引數限制的警告

# cp /u01/app/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# cp /u01/app/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# vim /etc/my.cnf 

[mysqld]
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
basedir=/u01/app/mysql
datadir=/u02/mysqldata
user=mysql
port=3306

# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export MYSQL_HOME=/u01/app/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin

# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.                                            [  OK  ]

三、配置安全選項

###使用初始化時得到的密碼配置安全選項
# /u01/app/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation -p)%%D0pr,mU.Y
mysql_secure_installation: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.

New password: 

Re-enter new password: 

VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords
and improve security. It checks the strength of password
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?

Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: y   ###是否校驗密碼外掛

There are three levels of password validation policy:

LOW    Length >= 8
MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file

Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 2  ###設定密碼策略等級
Using existing password for root.

Estimated strength of the password: 100 
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : 

 ... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y  ###是否移除匿名使用者
Success.

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y  ###是否關閉root遠端登陸功能
Success.

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.

Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y  ###是否移除測試資料庫
 - Dropping test database... 
Success.

 - Removing privileges on test database...
Success.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y  ###是否立即生效許可權表
Success.

All done! 

###以下為安全增強相關的部分引數

mysql> show variables like 'valid%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                        | Value  |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_dictionary_file    |        |
| validate_password_length             | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count       | 1      |
| validate_password_policy             | STRONG |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1      |
+--------------------------------------+--------+

四、同一主機配置其他例項

###按上面描述的步驟建立其對應的目錄及授權後，再執行初始化
###使用新的配置檔案，如下文字示例使用的為3317
# mkdir -pv /u02/mysqldata3317
# chown -R mysql:mysql /u02/mysqldata 3317
# grep -v ^# /etc/my3317.cnf

[mysqld]
basedir=/u01/app/mysql
datadir=/u02/mysqldata3317
user=mysql
port=3317
socket=/tmp/mysql3317.sock

# cd /u01/app/mysql/bin
# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my3317.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
# 2016-06-30T08:32:52.497519Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2016-06-30T08:32:52.852457Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2016-06-30T08:32:53.042621Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, 
so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started.
   Generating a new UUID: 3cb1686d-3e9d-11e6-a71f-fcaa14e34b30.
2016-06-30T08:32:53.081210Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. 
Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2016-06-30T08:32:53.082538Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: :8#l!MCYoCNY

### Author : Leshami
### Blog   : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami

# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my3317.cnf &
[1] 5825
2016-06-30T08:11:49.468176Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/u02/mysqldata3317/ydq4.err'.
2016-06-30T08:11:49.480379Z mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
directory and restart this script from there as follows:
./bin/mysqld_safe&
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more information

###如果執行mysqld_safe出現上述錯誤，可以建立軟鏈。這個地方有問題，對於安裝在非預設目錄時出現了這個問題。
# mkdir -pv /usr/local/mysql/bin/

# ln -sv /u01/app/mysql/bin/mysqld /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld      
"/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld" -> "/u01/app/mysql/bin/mysqld"

# ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my3317.cnf &
[1] 8287
2016-06-30T08:38:38.455961Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/u02/mysqldata3317/ydq4.err'.
2016-06-30T08:38:38.471542Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /u02/mysqldata3317

###配置安全選項
# /u01/app/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation -P3317 -S /tmp/mysql3317.sock -p  

五、更多mysql安裝解除安裝參考