安裝

mysql

sudo apt-get --purge remove mysql-server mysql-common mysql-client
sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-common mysql-client

mysqladmin -u root password your-new-password
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart

mariadb

apt-get install mariadb-server

字符集修改utf8

如果裝的mariadb, 預設字符集已經是utf8了。mysql則不是

mysql> show variables like 'char%'
 
;
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
 

mysql> show variables like 'collation%';
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name        | Value             |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci   |
| collation_database   | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server     | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
 

修改字符集：

sudo vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

新增以下內容

[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8

重啟：

service mysql restart

登入許可權問題

Ubuntu18.04 安裝mysql或者mariadb之後，發現普通使用者和遠端都沒有許可權連線。

ERROR 1045: Access denied for user: '[email protected]' (Using 
password: YES)

修改了密碼也不對。然後sudo mysql -u root即可登入。這顯然不是我們想要的。

解決方案

刪除root，重新建立使用者。

首先，登入

sudo mysql -u root

然後檢視當前使用者

SELECT User,Host FROM mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+
| User             | Host      |
+------------------+-----------+
| admin            | localhost |
| debian-sys-maint | localhost |
| magento_user     | localhost |
| mysql.sys        | localhost |
| root             | localhost |

刪除root賬號

mysql> DROP USER 'root'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,00 sec)

重新建立root：

mysql> CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,00 sec)

授權

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,01 sec)

關於重置密碼

host為%時允許遠端登入

SET PASSWORD FOR [email protected]'localhost' = PASSWORD('password');

or

UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('newpwd') WHERE User='root';

or

USE mysql
UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('newpwd')
WHERE Host = 'localhost' AND User = 'root';

允許任何地方登入

USE mysql
UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('newpwd')
WHERE Host = '%' AND User = 'root';

參考

• https://askubuntu.com/questions/766334/cant-login-as-mysql-user-root-from-normal-user-account-in-ubuntu-16-04
• https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MysqlPasswordReset