TCHAR與C語言string.h的對應關係
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-02-09
Windows C程式設計過程中，常常涉及到字串處理的問題。
如果你想用純C來進行Windows開發，那麼你可以用C語言的標準庫，幸運的是C語言標準庫已經加入了Unicode的支援，例如：
strchr()------------------wcschr() wcs是wide char string的縮寫，原來相應的字串操作函式只需要將str替換為wcs即可。 就現在來說，一般都用Unicode了，但是當需要在ANSI和Unicode兩個環境之間切換的時候，TCHAR的作用就顯的尤為重要了。 使用TCHAR的話就省掉了分別使用兩種函式的麻煩了。 如果使用VS來進行專案建立的時候，你會發現幾個有趣的函式。沒有定義Unicode後，#define _tmain WinMain()被執行。
CreateWindow()----------也是一個巨集,位於WinUser.h
定義Unicode後，#define CreateWindow CreateWindowW
沒有定義，#define CreateWindow CreateWindowA
可以說Win32 SDK的程式碼被Unicode分為兩個部分。Unidode和ANSI，在WinUser.h中，很多函式都是這樣定義的。Windows SDK通過巨集來遮蔽函式的差異。
總而言之，如果你要想一致（表面上）的處理Unicode和ANSI，那麼就要使用TCHAR及相關的字串處理類。
巨集定義------------替換，在預處理階段。
typedef------------重新命名，編譯階段。
以下是TCHAR相關的字串處理函式（也是巨集)
| Generic-text routine name | SBCS (_UNICODE & MBCS not defined) | _MBCS defined | _UNICODE defined |
| _cgetts | _cgets | _cgets | _cgetws |
| _cgetts_s | _cgets_s | _cgets_s | _cgetws_s |
| _cputts | _cputs | _cputs | _cputws |
| _fgettc | fgetc | fgetc | fgetwc |
| _fgettchar | _fgetchar | _fgetchar | _fgetwchar |
| _fgetts | fgets | fgets | fgetws |
| _fputtc | fputc | fputc | fputwc |
| _fputtchar | _fputchar | _fputchar | _fputwchar |
| _fputts | fputs | fputs | fputws |
| _ftprintf | fprintf | fprintf | fwprintf |
| _ftprintf_s | fprintf_s | fprintf_s | fwprintf_s |
| _ftscanf | fscanf | fscanf | fwscanf |
| _ftscanf_s | fscanf_s | fscanf_s | fwscanf_s |
| _gettc | getc | getc | getwc |
| _gettch | _getch | _getch | _getwch |
| _gettchar | getchar | getchar | getwchar |
| _gettche | _getche | _getche | _getwche |
| _getts | gets | gets | getws |
| _getts_s | gets_s | gets_s | getws_s |
| _istalnum | isalnum | _ismbcalnum | iswalnum |
| _istalpha | isalpha | _ismbcalpha | iswalpha |
| _istascii | isascii | isascii | iswascii |
| _istcntrl | iscntrl | iscntrl | iswcntrl |
| _istdigit | isdigit | _ismbcdigit | iswdigit |
| _istgraph | isgraph | _ismbcgraph | iswgraph |
| _istlead | Always returns false | _ismbblead | Always returns false |
| _istleadbyte | Always returns false | isleadbyte | Always returns false |
| _istlegal | Always returns true | _ismbclegal | Always returns true |
| _istlower | islower | _ismbclower | iswlower |
| _istprint | isprint | _ismbcprint | iswprint |
| _istpunct | ispunct | _ismbcpunct | iswpunct |
| _istspace | isspace | _ismbcspace | iswspace |
| _istupper | isupper | _ismbcupper | iswupper |
| _istxdigit | isxdigit | isxdigit | iswxdigit |
| _itot | _itoa | _itoa | _itow |
| _itot_s | _itoa_s | _itoa_s | _itow_s |
| _ltot | _ltoa | _ltoa | _ltow |
| _ltot_s | _ltoa_s | _ltoa_s | _ltow_s |
| _puttc | putc | putc | putwc |
| _puttch | _putch | _putch | _putwch |
| _puttchar | putchar | putchar | putwchar |
| _putts | puts | puts | _putws |
| _sctprintf | _scprintf | _scprintf | _scwprintf |
| _sntprintf | _snprintf | _snprintf | _snwprintf |
| _sntprintf_s | _snprintf_s | _snprintf_s | _snwprintf_s |
| _sntscanf | _snscanf | _snscanf | _snwscanf |
| _sntscanf_s | _snscanf_s | _snscanf_s | _snwscanf_s |
| _stprintf | sprintf | sprintf | swprintf |
| _stprintf_s | sprintf_s | sprintf_s | swprintf_s |
| _stscanf | sscanf | sscanf | swscanf |
| _stscanf_s | sscanf_s | sscanf_s | swscanf_s |
| _taccess | _access | _access | _waccess |
| _taccess_s | _access_s | _access_s | _waccess_s |
| _tasctime | asctime | asctime | _wasctime |
| _tasctime_s | asctime_s | asctime_s | _wasctime_s |
| _tccmp | Maps to macro or inline function | _mbsncmp | Maps to macro or inline function |
| _tccpy | Maps to macro or inline function | _mbccpy | Maps to macro or inline function |
| _tccpy_s | strcpy_s | _mbccpy_s | wcscpy_s |
| _tchdir | _chdir | _chdir | _wchdir |
| _tclen | Maps to macro or inline function | _mbclen | Maps to macro or inline function |
| _tchmod | _chmod | _chmod | _wchmod |
| _tcprintf | _cprintf | _cprintf | _cwprintf |
| _tcprintf_s | _cprintf_s | _cprintf_s | _cwprintf_s |
| _tcreat | _creat | _creat | _wcreat |
| _tcscanf | _cscanf | _cscanf | _cwscanf |
| _tcscanf_s | _cscanf_s | _cscanf_s | _cwscanf_s |
| _tcscat | strcat | _mbscat | wcscat |
| _tcscat_s | strcat_s | _mbscat_s | wcscat_s |
| _tcschr | strchr | _mbschr | wcschr |
| _tcsclen | strlen | _mbslen | wcslen |
| _tcsclen_s | strlen_s | _mbslen_s | wcslen_s |
| _tcscmp | strcmp | _mbscmp | wcscmp |
| _tcscoll | strcoll | _mbscoll | wcscoll |
| _tcscpy | strcpy | _mbscpy | wcscpy |
| _tcscpy_s | strcpy_s | _mbscpy_s | wcscpy_s |
| _tcscspn | strcspn | _mbscspn | wcscspn |
| _tcsdec | _strdec | _mbsdec | _wcsdec |
| _tcsdup | _strdup | _mbsdup | _wcsdup |
| _tcserror | strerror | strerror | _wcserror |
| _tcserror_s | strerror_s | strerror_s | _wcserror_s |
| _tcsftime | strftime | strftime | wcsftime |
| _tcsicmp | _stricmp | _mbsicmp | _wcsicmp |
| _tcsicoll | _stricoll | _mbsicoll | _wcsicoll |
| _tcsinc | _strinc | _mbsinc | _wcsinc |
| _tcslen | strlen | strlen | wcslen |
| _tcslen_s | strlen_s | strlen_s | wcslen_s |
| _tcslwr | _strlwr | _mbslwr | _wcslwr |
| _tcslwr_s | _strlwr_s | _mbslwr_s | _wcslwr_s |
| _tcsnbcnt | _strncnt | _mbsnbcnt | _wcsncnt |
| _tcsncat | strncat | _mbsnbcat | wcsncat |
| _tcsncat_s | strncat_s | _mbsnbcat_s | wcsncat_s |
| _tcsnccat | strncat | _mbsncat | wcsncat |
| _tcsnccmp | strncmp | _mbsncmp | wcsncmp |
| _tcsnccmp_s | strncmp_s | _mbsncmp_s | wcsncmp_s |
| _tcsnccoll | _strncoll | _mbsncoll | _wcsncoll |
| _tcsncmp | strncmp | _mbsnbcmp | wcsncmp |
| _tcsnccnt | _strncnt | _mbsnccnt | _wcsncnt |
| _tcsnccpy | strncpy | _mbsncpy | wcsncpy |
| _tcsnccpy_s | strncpy_s | _mbsncpy_s | wcsncpy_s |
| _tcsncicmp | _strnicmp | _mbsnicmp | _wcsnicmp |
| _tcsncicoll | _strnicoll | _mbsnicoll | _wcsnicoll |
| _tcsncpy | strncpy | _mbsnbcpy | wcsncpy |
| _tcsncpy_s | strncpy_s | _mbsnbcpy_s | wcsncpy_s |
| _tcsncset | _strnset | _mbsnset | _wcsnset |
| _tcsnextc | _strnextc | _mbsnextc | _wcsnextc |
| _tcsnicmp | _strnicmp | _mbsnbicmp | _wcsnicmp |
| _tcsnicoll | _strnicoll | _mbsnbicoll | _wcsnicoll |
| _tcsninc | _strninc | _mbsninc | _wcsninc |
| _tcsnccnt | _strncnt | _mbsnccnt | _wcsncnt |
| _tcsnset | _strnset | _mbsnbset | _wcsnset |
| _tcspbrk | strpbrk | _mbspbrk | wcspbrk |
| _tcsspnp | _strspnp | _mbsspnp | _wcsspnp |
| _tcsrchr | strrchr | _mbsrchr | wcsrchr |
| _tcsrev | _strrev | _mbsrev | _wcsrev |
| _tcsset | _strset | _mbsset | _wcsset |
| _tcsspn | strspn | _mbsspn | wcsspn |
| _tcsstr | strstr | _mbsstr | wcsstr |
| _tcstod | strtod | strtod | wcstod |
| _tcstoi64 | _strtoi64 | _strtoi64 | _wcstoi64 |
| _tcstok | strtok | _mbstok | wcstok |
| _tcstok_s | strtok_s | _mbstok_s | wcstok_s |
| _tcstol | strtol | strtol | wcstol |
| _tcstoui64 | _strtoui64 | _strtoui64 | _wcstoui64 |
| _tcstoul | strtoul | strtoul | wcstoul |
| _tcsupr | _strupr | _mbsupr | _wcsupr |
| _tcsupr_s | _strupr_s | _mbsupr_s | _wcsupr_s |
| _tcsxfrm | strxfrm | strxfrm | wcsxfrm |
| _tctime | ctime | ctime | _wctime |
| _tctime_s | ctime_s | ctime_s | _wctime_s |
| _tctime32 | _ctime32 | _ctime32 | _wctime32 |
| _tctime32_s | _ctime32_s | _ctime32_s | _wctime32_s |
| _tctime64 | _ctime64 | _ctime64 | _wctime64 |
| _tctime64_s | _ctime64_s | _ctime64_s | _wctime64_s |
| _texecl | _execl | _execl | _wexecl |
| _texecle | _execle | _execle | _wexecle |
| _texeclp | _execlp | _execlp | _wexeclp |
| _texeclpe | _execlpe | _execlpe | _wexeclpe |
| _texecv | _execv | _execv | _wexecv |
| _texecve | _execve | _execve | _wexecve |
| _texecvp | _execvp | _execvp | _wexecvp |
| _texecvpe | _execvpe | _execvpe | _wexecvpe |
| _tfdopen | _fdopen | _fdopen | _wfdopen |
| _tfindfirst | _findfirst | _findfirst | _wfindfirst |
| _tfindnext | _findnext | _findnext | _wfindnext |
| _tfindnext32 | _findnext32 | _findnext32 | _wfindnext32 |
| _tfindnext64 | _findnext64 | _findnext64 | _wfindnext64 |
| _tfindnexti64 | _findnexti64 | _findnexti64 | _wfindnexti64 |
| _tfindnexti6432 | _findnexti6432 | _findnexti6432 | _wfindnexti6432 |
| _tfindnext32i64 | _findnext32i64 | _findnext32i64 | _wfindnext32i64 |
| _tfopen | fopen | fopen | _wfopen |
| _tfopen_s | fopen_s | fopen_s | _wfopen_s |
| _tfreopen | freopen | freopen | _wfreopen |
| _tfreopen_s | freopen_s | freopen_s | _wfreopen_s |
| _tfsopen | _fsopen | _fsopen | _wfsopen |
| _tfullpath | _fullpath | _fullpath | _wfullpath |
| _tgetcwd | _getcwd | _getcwd | _wgetcwd |
| _tgetdcwd | _getdcwd | _getdcwd | _wgetdcwd |
| _tgetenv | getenv | getenv | _wgetenv |
| _tgetenv_s | getenv_s | getenv_s | _wgetenv_s |
| _tmain | main | main | wmain |
| _tmakepath | _makepath | _makepath | _wmakepath |
| _tmakepath_s | _makepath_s | _makepath_s | _wmakepath_s |
| _tmkdir | _mkdir | _mkdir | _wmkdir |
| _tmktemp | _mktemp | _mktemp | _wmktemp |
| _tmktemp_s | _mktemp_s | _mktemp_s | _wmktemp_s |
| _topen | _open | _open | _wopen |
| _topen_s | _open_s | _open_s | _wopen_s |
| _totlower | tolower | _mbctolower | towlower |
| _totupper | toupper | _mbctoupper | towupper |
| _tperror | perror | perror | _wperror |
| _tpopen | _popen | _popen | _wpopen |
| _tprintf | printf | printf | wprintf |
| _tprintf_s | printf_s | printf_s | wprintf_s |
| _tputenv | _putenv | _putenv | _wputenv |
| _tputenv_s | _putenv_s | _putenv_s | _wputenv_s |
| _tremove | remove | remove | _wremove |
| _trename | rename | rename | _wrename |
| _trmdir | _rmdir | _rmdir | _wrmdir |
| _tsearchenv | _searchenv | _searchenv | _wsearchenv |
| _tsearchenv_s | _searchenv_s | _searchenv_s | _wsearchenv_s |
| _tscanf | scanf | scanf | wscanf |
| _tscanf_s | scanf_s | scanf_s | wscanf_s |
| _tsetlocale | setlocale | setlocale | _wsetlocale |
| _tsopen | _sopen | _sopen | _wsopen |
| _tsopen_s | _sopen_s | _sopen_s | _wsopen_s |
| _tspawnl | _spawnl | _spawnl | _wspawnl |
| _tspawnle | _spawnle | _spawnle | _wspawnle |
| _tspawnlp | _spawnlp | _spawnlp | _wspawnlp |
| _tspawnlpe | _spawnlpe | _spawnlpe | _wspawnlpe |
| _tspawnv | _spawnv | _spawnv | _wspawnv |
| _tspawnve | _spawnve | _spawnve | _wspawnve |
| _tspawnvp | _spawnvp | _spawnvp | _wspawnvp |
| _tspawnvpe | _spawnvpe | _spawnvpe | _wspawnvpe |
| _tsplitpath | _splitpath | _splitpath | _wsplitpath |
| _tstat | _stat | _stat | _wstat |
| _tstat32 | _stat32 | _stat32 | _wstat32 |
| _tstati32 | _stati32 | _stati32 | _wstati32 |
| _tstat64 | _stat64 | _stat64 | _wstat64 |
| _tstati64 | _stati64 | _stati64 | _wstati64 |
| _tstof | atof | atof | _wtof |
| _tstoi | atoi | atoi | _wtoi |
| _tstoi64 | _atoi64 | _atoi64 | _wtoi64 |
| _tstol | atol | atol | _wtol |
| _tstrdate | _strdate | _strdate | _wstrdate |
| _tstrdate_s | _strdate_s | _strdate_s | _wstrdate_s |
| _tstrtime | _strtime | _strtime | _wstrtime |
| _tstrtime_s | _strtime_s | _strtime_s | _wstrtime_s |
| _tsystem | system | system | _wsystem |
| _ttempnam | _tempnam | _tempnam | _wtempnam |
| _ttmpnam | tmpnam | tmpnam | _wtmpnam |
| _ttmpnam_s | tmpnam_s | tmpnam_s | _wtmpnam_s |
| _ttoi | atoi | atoi | _wtoi |
| _ttoi64 | _atoi64 | _atoi64 | _wtoi64 |
| _ttol | atol | atol | _wtol |
| _tunlink | _unlink | _unlink | _wunlink |
| _tutime | _utime | _utime | _wutime |
| _tutime32 | _utime32 | _utime32 | _wutime32 |
| _tutime64 | _utime64 | _utime64 | _wutime64 |
| _tWinMain | WinMain | WinMain | wWinMain |
| _ui64tot | _ui64toa | _ui64toa | _ui64tow |
| _ui64tot_s | _ui64toa_s | _ui64toa_s | _ui64tow_s |
| _ultot | _ultoa | _ultoa | _ultow |
| _ultot_s | _ultoa_s | _ultoa_s | _ultow_s |
| _ungettc | ungetc | ungetc | ungetwc |
| _ungettch | _ungetch | _ungetch | _ungetwch |
| _vftprintf | vfprintf | vfprintf | vfwprintf |
| _vftprintf_s | vfprintf_s | vfprintf_s | vfwprintf_S |
| _vsctprintf | _vscprintf | _vscprintf | _vscwprintf |
| _vsctprintf_s | _vscprintf_s | _vscprintf_s | _vscwprintf_S |
| _vsntprintf | _vsnprintf | _vsnprintf | _vsnwprintf |
| _vsntprintf_s | _vsnprintf_s | _vsnprintf_s | _vsnwprintf_s |
| _vstprintf | vsprintf | vsprintf | vswprintf |
| _vstprintf_s | vsprintf_s | vsprintf_s | vswprintf_s |
| _vtprintf | vprintf | vprintf | vwprintf |
| _vtprintf_s | vprintf_s | vprintf_s | vwprintf_s |