問題產生的背景，資料儲存在一個4T行動硬碟中，現需要將其複製到CENTOS6的系統中，完成這項工作，需要解決以下幾個問題
1、由於行動硬碟原來是工作在WINDOWS系統下的，它的檔案格式是NTFS格式，所以首先要能夠讓CENTOS6系統能夠識別NTFS格式
2、當行動硬碟接入CENTOS6主機時，要明確通過USB口連線的4T行動硬碟，掛載在哪個目錄下
3、由於硬碟大於2T，需要對GPT格式的硬碟進行識別。
下面介紹下MBR 和 GPT的方面的知識
MBR的全稱是Master Boot Record（主引導記錄），MBR早在1983年IBM PC DOS 2.0中就已經提出。之所以叫“主引導記錄”，是因

為它是存在於驅動器開始部分的一個特殊的啟動扇區。這個扇區包含了已安裝的作業系統的啟動載入器和驅動器的邏輯分割槽資訊。

主引導扇區是硬碟的第一扇區。它由三個部分組成，主引導記錄MBR、硬碟分割槽表DPT和硬碟有效標誌。在總共512位元組的主引導扇區

裡MBR佔446個位元組，偏移地址0000H--0088H），它負責從活動分割槽中裝載，並執行系統載入程式；第二部分是Partition table區（

DPT分割槽表），佔64個位元組；第三部分是Magic number，佔2個位元組。MBR最大支援2.2TB磁碟，它無法處理大於2.2TB容量的磁碟。

MBR還只支援最多4個主分割槽，但可以建立所謂“擴充套件分割槽”，並在其中建立邏輯分割槽。

GPT的全稱是Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table，意即GUID分割槽表，它的推出是和UEFI BIOS相輔相成的，鑑於MBR的磁

盤容量和分割槽數量已經不能滿足硬體發展的需求，GPT首要的任務就是突破了2.2T分割槽的限制，最大支援18EB的分割槽。

4、通過parted命令進行查閱
5、具體要求命令如下：
首先進行ntfs-3g軟體包的安裝，它是用來識別ntfs檔案格式的
[

[email protected] clusteruser]# yum install ntfs-3g
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
epel/metalink                                                                                               | 6.4

kB     00:00     
 * base: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
 * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
base                                                                                                        | 3.7

kB     00:00     
extras                                                                                                      | 3.4

kB     00:00     
updates                                                                                                     | 3.4

kB     00:00     
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ntfs-3g.x86_64 2:2017.3.23-1.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================================================

================
 Package                      Arch                        Version                                  Repository       

          Size
===================================================================================================================

================
Installing:
 ntfs-3g                      x86_64                      2:2017.3.23-1.el6                        epel             

         250 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================

================
Install       1 Package(s)

Total download size: 250 k
Installed size: 718 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
ntfs-3g-2017.3.23-1.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                          | 250

kB     00:00     
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : 2:ntfs-3g-2017.3.23-1.el6.x86_64                                                                     

           1/1
  Verifying  : 2:ntfs-3g-2017.3.23-1.el6.x86_64                                                                     

           1/1

Installed:
  ntfs-3g.x86_64 2:2017.3.23-1.el6                                                                                  

               

Complete!

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_hadoopdatanode98-lv_home: 5932.8 GB, 5932792676352 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 721287 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.


Disk /dev/sdb: 4000.8 GB, 4000787029504 bytes
256 heads, 63 sectors/track, 484501 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16128 * 512 = 8257536 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9bbdea98

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1      266306  2147483647+  ee  GPT


檢視分割槽情況
[

[email protected] ttt]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor  #blocks  name

   8        0 5858918400 sda
   8        1     512000 sda1
   8        2 5858404352 sda2
 253        0   52428800 dm-0
 253        1   12230656 dm-1
 253        2 5793742848 dm-2
   8       16 3907018583 sdb
   8       17     131072 sdb1
   8       18 3906885632 sdb2

確認硬碟裝載點
[

[email protected] ttt]# fdisk -l

WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.


Disk /dev/sda: 5999.5 GB, 5999532441600 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 729401 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1               1      267350  2147483647+  ee  GPT

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_hadoopdatanode98-lv_root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_hadoopdatanode98-lv_swap: 12.5 GB, 12524191744 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1522 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000



安裝用於GPT的parted元件
[[email protected] ttt]# yum install parted


[[email protected] ttt]# parted /dev/sdb print
Model: Seagate BUP BK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 4001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name                          Flags
 1      17.4kB  134MB   134MB                Microsoft reserved partition  msftres
 2      135MB   4001GB  4001GB  ntfs         Basic data partition

安裝ntfs格式的行動硬碟
[[email protected] clusteruser]# mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb2 ./ttt
The disk contains an unclean file system (0, 0).
The file system wasn't safely closed on Windows. Fixing.