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解決合併分支時產生的衝突

人生不如意之事十之八九,合併分支往往也不是一帆風順的。

準備新的feature1分支,繼續我們的新分支開發:

$ git checkout -b feature1
Switched to a new branch 'feature1'

修改readme.txt最後一行,改為:

Creating a new branch is quick AND simple.

在feature1分支上提交:

$ git add readme.txt 
$ git commit -m "AND simple"
[feature1 75a857c] AND simple
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

切換到master分支:

$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.

Git還會自動提示我們當前master分支比遠端的master分支要超前1個提交。

在master分支上把readme.txt檔案的最後一行改為:

Creating a new branch is quick & simple.

提交:

$ git add readme.txt 
$ git commit -m "& simple"
[master 400b400] & simple
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

現在,master分支和feature1分支各自都分別有新的提交,變成了這樣:

git-br-feature1

這種情況下,Git無法執行“快速合併”,只能試圖把各自的修改合併起來,但這種合併就可能會有衝突,我們試試看:

$ git merge feature1
Auto-merging readme.txt
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in readme.txt
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.

果然衝突了!Git告訴我們,readme.txt檔案存在衝突,必須手動解決衝突後再提交。git status

也可以告訴我們衝突的檔案:

$ git status
# On branch master
# Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 2 commits.
#
# Unmerged paths:
#   (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
#
#       both modified:      readme.txt
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

我們可以直接檢視readme.txt的內容:

Git is a distributed version control system.
Git is free software distributed under the GPL.
Git has a mutable index called stage.
Git tracks changes of files.
<<<<<<< HEAD
Creating a new branch is quick & simple.
=======
Creating a new branch is quick AND simple.
>>>>>>> feature1

Git用<<<<<<<,=======,>>>>>>>標記出不同分支的內容,我們修改如下後儲存:

Creating a new branch is quick and simple.

再提交:

$ git add readme.txt 
$ git commit -m "conflict fixed"
[master 59bc1cb] conflict fixed

現在,master分支和feature1分支變成了下圖所示:

git-br-conflict-merged

用帶引數的git log也可以看到分支的合併情況:

$ git log --graph --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit
*   59bc1cb conflict fixed
|\
| * 75a857c AND simple
* | 400b400 & simple
|/
* fec145a branch test
...

現在,刪除feature1分支:

$ git branch -d feature1
Deleted branch feature1 (was 75a857c).

工作完成。

小結

當Git無法自動合併分支時,就必須首先解決衝突。解決衝突後,再提交,合併完成。

git log --graph命令可以看到分支合併圖。

轉自:http://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0013739516305929606dd18361248578c67b8067c8c017b000/001375840202368c74be33fbd884e71b570f2cc3c0d1dcf000