C/C++ 常用的函式與方法
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-02-11
1，建立多級目錄
#include <string>
#include <direct.h> //_mkdir函式的標頭檔案
#include <io.h> //_access函式的標頭檔案
using namespace std;
void CreateDir( const char *dir )
{
int m = 0, n;
string str1, str2;
str1 = dir;
str2 = str1.substr( 0, 2 );
str1 = str1.substr( 3, str1.size() );
while 2，獲取exe所在目錄
#include <Windows.h>
#include <atlstr.h>
void GetExePath(char *pBuffer)
{
GetModuleFileNameA(NULL,(LPSTR)pBuffer,MAX_PATH);
PathRemoveFileSpecA(pBuffer);
} 3，不區分大小寫的strstr
const char * stristr(const char * str1,const char * str2)
{
char *cp = (char *)str1;
char *s1, *s2;
if (!*str2)
return((char *)str1);
while (*cp)
{
s1 = cp;
s2 = (char *)str2;
while (*s1 && *s2 && (!(*s1 - *s2) || !(*s1 - *s2 - 32) || !(*s1 - *s2 + 32))) {
s1++, s2++;
}
if (!*s2)
return(cp);
cp++;
}
return nullptr;
}4，wstring轉string
std::string ConvertWStringToAnsi(std::wstring wstr)
{
std::string result;
int len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wstr.c_str(), wstr.size(), NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
if (len <= 0)
return result;
char* buffer = new char[len + 1];
if (buffer == NULL)
return result;
WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wstr.c_str(), wstr.size(), buffer, len, NULL, NULL);
buffer[len] = '\0'; //字串斷尾
result.append(buffer); //賦值
delete[] buffer; //刪除緩衝區
return result;
}5，string轉wstring
std::wstring ConvertAnsiToWString(std::string str)
{
std::wstring result;
int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, str.c_str(), str.size(), NULL, 0);
if (len < 0)
return result;
wchar_t* buffer = new wchar_t[len + 1];
if (buffer == NULL)
return result;
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, str.c_str(), str.size(), buffer, len);
buffer[len] = '\0'; //字串斷尾
result.append(buffer); //賦值
delete[] buffer; //刪除緩衝區
return result;
}6，獲取登錄檔值
std::string GetRegValue(int nKeyType, const std::string& strUrl, const std::string& strKey)
{
std::string strValue("");
HKEY hKey = NULL;
HKEY hKeyResult = NULL;
DWORD dwSize = 0;
DWORD dwDataType = 0;
std::string wstrUrl = strUrl;
std::string wstrKey = strKey;
switch (nKeyType)
{
case 0:
{
hKey = HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT;
break;
}
case 1:
{
hKey = HKEY_CURRENT_USER;
break;
}
case 2:
{
hKey = HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE;
break;
}
case 3:
{
hKey = HKEY_USERS;
break;
}
case 4:
{
hKey = HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA;
break;
}
case 5:
{
hKey = HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG;
break;
}
case 6:
{
hKey = HKEY_DYN_DATA;
break;
}
case 7:
{
hKey = HKEY_CURRENT_USER_LOCAL_SETTINGS;
break;
}
case 8:
{
hKey = HKEY_PERFORMANCE_TEXT;
break;
}
case 9:
{
hKey = HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT;
break;
}
default:
{
return strValue;
}
}
//開啟登錄檔
if (ERROR_SUCCESS == ::RegOpenKeyEx(hKey, wstrUrl.c_str(), 0, KEY_QUERY_VALUE, &hKeyResult))
{
// 獲取快取的長度dwSize及型別dwDataType
::RegQueryValueEx(hKeyResult, wstrKey.c_str(), 0, &dwDataType, NULL, &dwSize);
switch (dwDataType)
{
case REG_MULTI_SZ:
{
//分配記憶體大小
BYTE* lpValue = new BYTE[dwSize];
//獲取登錄檔中指定的鍵所對應的值
LONG lRet = ::RegQueryValueEx(hKeyResult, wstrKey.c_str(), 0, &dwDataType, lpValue, &dwSize);
delete[] lpValue;
break;
}
case REG_SZ:
{
//分配記憶體大小
char * lpValue = new char[dwSize];
memset(lpValue, 0, dwSize);
//獲取登錄檔中指定的鍵所對應的值
if (ERROR_SUCCESS == ::RegQueryValueEx(hKeyResult, wstrKey.c_str(), 0, &dwDataType, (LPBYTE)lpValue, &dwSize))
{
strValue = lpValue;
}
delete lpValue;
break;
}
default:
break;
}
} //關閉登錄檔
::RegCloseKey(hKeyResult);
return strValue;
}
7，設定登錄檔值
bool SetRegStrValue(HKEY type,const char *pLocation, const char * szItem,const char * szWriteKey,const char*szValue)
{
HKEY hkey;//定義有關的hkey，在查詢結束時要關閉
HKEY hTempKey;
bool bValue = true;
if (ERROR_SUCCESS == RegOpenKeyEx(type, pLocation, 0, KEY_SET_VALUE, &hkey))
{
if (ERROR_SUCCESS == ::RegCreateKey(hkey, szItem, &hTempKey))
{
if (ERROR_SUCCESS != ::RegSetValueEx(hTempKey, szWriteKey, 0, REG_SZ, (CONST BYTE*)szValue, strlen(szValue)+1))
{
bValue = false;
}
}
}
::RegCloseKey(hkey);
return bValue;
}8，拆分字串
std::vector<std::string> splitString(std::string srcStr, std::string delimStr,bool repeatedCharIgnored)
{
std::vector<std::string> resultStringVector;
std::replace_if(srcStr.begin(), srcStr.end(), [&](const char& c){if(delimStr.find(c)!=std::string::npos){return true;}else{return false;}}/*pred*/, delimStr.at(0));//將出現的所有分隔符都替換成為一個相同的字元（分隔符字串的第一個）
size_t pos=srcStr.find(delimStr.at(0));
std::string addedString="";
while (pos!=std::string::npos) {
addedString=srcStr.substr(0,pos);
if (!addedString.empty()||!repeatedCharIgnored) {
resultStringVector.push_back(addedString);
}
srcStr.erase(srcStr.begin(), srcStr.begin()+pos+1);
pos=srcStr.find(delimStr.at(0));
}
addedString=srcStr;
if (!addedString.empty()||!repeatedCharIgnored) {
resultStringVector.push_back(addedString);
}
return resultStringVector;
}9，GBK轉UTF-8,vs編譯的dll給Qt來呼叫，需要轉一個字符集
std::string GBKToUTF8(const std::string& strGBK)
{
std::string strOutUTF8 = "";
WCHAR * str1;
int n = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, strGBK.c_str(), -1, NULL, 0);
str1 = new WCHAR[n];
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, strGBK.c_str(), -1, str1, n);
n = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, str1, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
char * str2 = new char[n];
WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, str1, -1, str2, n, NULL, NULL);
strOutUTF8 = str2;
delete[]str1;
str1 = NULL;
delete[]str2;
str2 = NULL;
return strOutUTF8;
}10，字串替換
void string_replace( std::string &strBig, const std::string &strsrc, const std::string &strdst )
{
std::string::size_type pos = 0;
std::string::size_type srclen = strsrc.size();
std::string::size_type dstlen = strdst.size();
while( (pos=strBig.find(strsrc, pos)) != std::string::npos )
{
strBig.replace( pos, srclen, strdst );
pos += dstlen;
}
} 11，好用的執行cmd命令
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <corecrt_io.h>
using namespace std;
// 描述:execmd函式執行命令，並將結果儲存到result字串陣列中
// 引數:cmd表示要執行的命令
// result是執行的結果儲存的字串陣列
// 函式執行成功返回1，失敗返回0
int execmd(const char* cmd, char* result) {
char buffer[128]; //定義緩衝區
FILE* pipe = _popen(cmd, "r"); //開啟管道，並執行命令
if (!pipe)
return 0; //返回0表示執行失敗
while (!feof(pipe)) {
if (fgets(buffer, 128, pipe)) { //將管道輸出到result中
strcat(result, buffer);
}
}
_pclose(pipe); //關閉管道
return 1; //返回1表示執行成功
}
int main()
{
char buffer[1024] = {0};
if (1 == execmd("netsh winsock reset", buffer))
{
printf(buffer);
}
else
{
::MessageBox(NULL,L"",L"",NULL);
}
return 0;
}12，刪除所有目錄
BOOL IsDirectory(const char *pDir)
{
char szCurPath[500];
ZeroMemory(szCurPath, 500);
sprintf_s(szCurPath, 500, "%s//*", pDir);
WIN32_FIND_DATAA FindFileData;
ZeroMemory(&FindFileData, sizeof(WIN32_FIND_DATAA));
HANDLE hFile = FindFirstFileA(szCurPath, &FindFileData); /**< find first file by given path. */
if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
FindClose(hFile);
return FALSE; /** 如果不能找到第一個檔案，那麼沒有目錄 */
}
else
{
FindClose(hFile);
return TRUE;
}
}
BOOL DeleteDirectory(const char * DirName)
{
char szCurPath[MAX_PATH]; //用於定義搜尋格式
_snprintf(szCurPath, MAX_PATH, "%s\\*.*", DirName); //匹配格式為*.*,即該目錄下的所有檔案
WIN32_FIND_DATAA FindFileData;
ZeroMemory(&FindFileData, sizeof(WIN32_FIND_DATAA));
HANDLE hFile = FindFirstFileA(szCurPath, &FindFileData);
BOOL IsFinded = TRUE;
while (IsFinded)
{
IsFinded = FindNextFileA(hFile, &FindFileData); //遞迴搜尋其他的檔案
if (strcmp(FindFileData.cFileName, ".") && strcmp(FindFileData.cFileName, "..")) //如果不是"." ".."目錄
{
std::string strFileName = "";
strFileName = strFileName + DirName + "\\" + FindFileData.cFileName;
std::string strTemp;
strTemp = strFileName;
if (IsDirectory(strFileName.c_str())) //如果是目錄，則遞迴地呼叫
{
printf("目錄為:%s/n", strFileName.c_str());
DeleteDirectory(strTemp.c_str());
}
else
{
DeleteFileA(strTemp.c_str());
}
}
}
FindClose(hFile);
BOOL bRet = RemoveDirectoryA(DirName);
if (bRet == 0) //刪除目錄
{
printf("刪除%s目錄失敗！/n", DirName);
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}13，copy目錄下所有檔案到另一個目錄下
void CopyFiles(const char* lpPath, const char *pFolder)
{
char szFind[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
WIN32_FIND_DATA FindFileData;
strcpy(szFind, lpPath);
strcat(szFind, "\\*.*");
HANDLE hFind = ::FindFirstFile(szFind, &FindFileData);
if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFind) return;
while (true)
{
if (FindFileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
{
if (FindFileData.cFileName[0] != '.')
{
char szFile[MAX_PATH];
strcpy(szFile, lpPath);
strcat(szFile, (char*)(FindFileData.cFileName));
CopyFiles(szFile, pFolder);
}
}
else
{
//std::cout << FindFileData.cFileName << std::endl;
std::string strTemp = lpPath;
strTemp += FindFileData.cFileName;
std::string strDest = pFolder;
strDest += FindFileData.cFileName;
CopyFileA(strTemp.c_str(), strDest.c_str(), FALSE);
}
if (!FindNextFile(hFind, &FindFileData)) break;
}
FindClose(hFind);
}程式實現自刪除
#include<windows.h>
#include<ShlObj.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <shellapi.h>
VOID DelItself()
{
SHELLEXECUTEINFO stShellDel;
TCHAR szBat[MAX_PATH];
//獲取檔案路徑名
TCHAR szFileName[MAX_PATH], szComspec[MAX_PATH];
if ((GetModuleFileName(0, szFileName, MAX_PATH) != 0) &&
(GetShortPathName(szFileName, szFileName, MAX_PATH) != 0) &&
(GetEnvironmentVariable("COMSPEC", szComspec, MAX_PATH) != 0))
{
lstrcpy(szBat, "/c del ");
lstrcat(szBat, szFileName);
lstrcat(szBat, " > nul");
stShellDel.cbSize = sizeof(stShellDel);
//命令視窗程序控制代碼，ShellExecuteEx函式執行時設定。
stShellDel.hwnd = 0;
stShellDel.lpVerb = "Open";
stShellDel.lpFile = szComspec;
stShellDel.lpParameters = szBat;
stShellDel.lpDirectory = NULL;
stShellDel.nShow = SW_HIDE;
//設定為SellExecuteEx函式結束後進程退出。
stShellDel.fMask = SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS;
//建立執行命令視窗程序。
if (ShellExecuteEx(&stShellDel))
{
//設定命令列程序的執行級別為空閒執行,這使本程式有足夠的時間從記憶體中退出。
SetPriorityClass(stShellDel.hProcess, IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS);
//設定本程式程序的執行級別為實時執行，這保證本程式能立即獲取CPU執行權，快速退出。
SetPriorityClass(GetCurrentProcess(), REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS);
SetThreadPriority(GetCurrentThread(), THREAD_PRIORITY_TIME_CRITICAL);
//通知Windows資源管理器，本程式檔案已經被刪除。
SHChangeNotify(SHCNE_DELETE, SHCNF_PATH, szFileName, 0);
ExitProcess(0);
}
}
}清空目錄
BOOL EmptyDirectory(const char * lpszPath)
{
SHFILEOPSTRUCT FileOp;
ZeroMemory((void *)& FileOp, sizeof(SHFILEOPSTRUCT));
FileOp.fFlags = FOF_NOCONFIRMATION | FOF_SILENT;
FileOp.hNameMappings = NULL;
FileOp.hwnd = NULL;
FileOp.lpszProgressTitle = NULL;
char tempPath[256] = { 0 };
//使用萬用字元
memcpy(tempPath, lpszPath, strlen(lpszPath)); memcpy(&tempPath[strlen(lpszPath)], "//*", strlen("//*"));
FileOp.pFrom =tempPath;
FileOp.pTo = NULL;
FileOp.wFunc = FO_DELETE;
return SHFileOperation(&FileOp) == 0;
}copy 目錄
void copydir(char* src, char* dst)
{
WIN32_FIND_DATAA FindFileData;
HANDLE hFind;
char tmpsrc[256];
strcpy(tmpsrc, src);
strcat(tmpsrc, "\\*.*");
hFind = FindFirstFileA(tmpsrc, &FindFileData);
if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
return;
CreateDirectoryA(dst, 0);
do
{
char newdst[256];
strcpy(newdst, dst);
if (newdst[strlen(newdst)] != '\\')
strcat(newdst, "\\");
strcat(newdst, FindFileData.cFileName);
char newsrc[256];
strcpy(newsrc, src);
if (newsrc[strlen(newsrc)] != '\\')
strcat(newsrc, "\\");
strcat(newsrc, FindFileData.cFileName);
if (FindFileData.dwFileAttributes&FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
{
if (strcmp(FindFileData.cFileName, ".") != 0 && strcmp(FindFileData.cFileName, "..") != 0)
{
copydir(newsrc, newdst);
}
}
else
{
CopyFileA(newsrc, newdst, false);
}
} while (FindNextFileA(hFind, &FindFileData));
FindClose(hFind);
} std::string strDest = pFolder;
strDest += FindFileData.cFileName;
CopyFileA(strTemp.c_str(), strDest.c_str(), FALSE);
}
if (!FindNextFileA(hFind, &FindFileData)) break;
}
FindClose(hFind);
}去除檔案目錄檔名
1、完整路徑，去除字尾名 PathRemoveExtensionA
[cpp] view plain copy
#include <iostream>//cout函式所需
#include "atlstr.h" //PathRemoveExtensionA函式所需
using namespace std;
void main(void)
{
char buffer_1[] = "C:\\TEST\\sample.txt";
char *lpStr1;
lpStr1 = buffer_1;
cout << "The path with extension is : " << lpStr1 << endl;
PathRemoveExtensionA(lpStr1);
cout << "\nThe path without extension is : " << lpStr1 << endl;
system("pause");
}
OUTPUT:
==================
The path with extension is : C:\TEST\sample.txt
The path without extension is : C:\TEST\sample
2、完整檔案路徑，獲得目錄
[cpp] view plain copy
#include <iostream>//cout函式所需
#include "atlstr.h" //PathRemoveFileSpecA函式所需
using namespace std;
void main(void)
{
char buffer_1[] = "C:\\TEST\\sample.txt";
char *lpStr1;
lpStr1 = buffer_1;
cout << "The path with file spec is : " << lpStr1 << endl;
PathRemoveFileSpecA(lpStr1);
cout << "\nThe path without file spec is : " << lpStr1 << endl;
//注意如果獲得了目錄，需要得到另一個檔案路徑時
string filename = lpStr1;
filename = filename + "\\samle.txt";
system("pause");
}
OUTPUT:
==================
The path with file spec is : C:\TEST\sample.txt
The path without file spec is : C:\TEST清空目錄的示例：
// Delete szSrcFile next time system is rebooted MoveFileEx(szSrcFile, NULL, MOVEFILE_DELAY_UNTIL_REBOOT)；