Golang通過Thrift框架完美實現跨語言呼叫
每種語言都有自己最擅長的領域,Golang 最適合的領域就是伺服器端程式。
做為伺服器端程式,需要考慮效能同時也要考慮與各種語言之間方便的通訊。採用http協議簡單,但效能不高。採用TCP通訊,則需要考慮封包、解包、粘包等等很多因素,而且想寫個高效的TCP服務,也很難。
其實,對於此類需求,採用RPC(Remote Procedure Call Protocol)程式設計最靠譜。使用 RPC 程式設計被認為是在分散式環境中執行的客戶機和伺服器應用程式之間進行可靠通訊的最強大、最高效的方法之一。
Golang內建了對RPC支援,但只能適用於go語言程式之間呼叫,且貌似序列化、反序列化效能不高。如果
是的,最近,Apache Thrift 0.9.1正式釋出了。新版的Thrift終於對Golang提供了完美的支援。經過實驗,伺服器端、客戶端已經完美支援跨語言呼叫,且效能、尤其是記憶體佔用上,編譯型語言的特點展現出來,比java版的實現強了很多。
下面,我們採用golang實現一個Thrift的Server端和Client端程式。
一、開發前準備
1、安裝golang的Thrift包:
go get git.apache.org/thrift.git/lib/go/thrift
2、產生協議庫:
這是我定義的測試用IDL,為檢驗相容性,採用了多種資料結構:RpcService.thrift
namespace go demo.rpc
namespace java demo.rpc
// 測試服務
service RpcService {
// 發起遠端呼叫
list<string> funCall(1:i64 callTime, 2:string funCode, 3:map<string, string> paramMap),
}
3、生成開發庫
下載開發庫編譯器 http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?path=/thrift/0.9.1/thrift-0.9.1.exe
thrift-0.9.1.exe -gen go RpcService.thrift
自動生成出的原始碼結構如下:
其中 constants.go、rpc_service.go、ttypes.go 是協議庫,編寫程式需要用到。rpc_service-remote.go 是自動生成的例程,可以不用。
二、go語言實現
1、伺服器端
下面,我們來寫伺服器端程式:
package main
import (
"demo/rpc"
"fmt"
"git.apache.org/thrift.git/lib/go/thrift"
"os"
)
const (
NetworkAddr = "127.0.0.1:19090"
)
type RpcServiceImpl struct {
}
func(this *RpcServiceImpl)FunCall(callTime int64, funCode string, paramMap map[string]string)(r []string, err error) {
fmt.Println("-->FunCall:", callTime, funCode, paramMap)
for k, v := range paramMap {
r = append(r, k+v)
}
return
}
funcmain() {
transportFactory := thrift.NewTFramedTransportFactory(thrift.NewTTransportFactory())
protocolFactory := thrift.NewTBinaryProtocolFactoryDefault()
//protocolFactory := thrift.NewTCompactProtocolFactory()
serverTransport, err := thrift.NewTServerSocket(NetworkAddr)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Error!", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
handler := &RpcServiceImpl{}
processor := rpc.NewRpcServiceProcessor(handler)
server := thrift.NewTSimpleServer4(processor, serverTransport, transportFactory, protocolFactory)
fmt.Println("thrift server in", NetworkAddr)
server.Serve()
}
加空行也不過才43行,怎麼樣簡單吧。
2、客戶端程式
package main
import (
"demo/rpc"
"fmt"
"git.apache.org/thrift.git/lib/go/thrift"
"net"
"os"
"time"
)
funcmain() {
startTime := currentTimeMillis()
transportFactory := thrift.NewTFramedTransportFactory(thrift.NewTTransportFactory())
protocolFactory := thrift.NewTBinaryProtocolFactoryDefault()
transport, err := thrift.NewTSocket(net.JoinHostPort("127.0.0.1", "19090"))
if err != nil {
fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "error resolving address:", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
useTransport := transportFactory.GetTransport(transport)
client := rpc.NewRpcServiceClientFactory(useTransport, protocolFactory)
if err := transport.Open(); err != nil {
fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Error opening socket to 127.0.0.1:19090", " ", err)
os.Exit(1)
}
defer transport.Close()
for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
paramMap := make(map[string]string)
paramMap["name"] = "qinerg"
paramMap["passwd"] = "123456"
r1, e1 := client.FunCall(currentTimeMillis(), "login", paramMap)
fmt.Println(i, "Call->", r1, e1)
}
endTime := currentTimeMillis()
fmt.Println("Program exit. time->", endTime, startTime, (endTime - startTime))
}
// 轉換成毫秒
funccurrentTimeMillis()int64 {
return time.Now().UnixNano() / 1000000
}
分別編譯,先啟動伺服器端,然後在執行客戶端程式。可以看到控制檯正確打印出了資訊,說明呼叫通過。
-->FunCall: 1380446325199 login map[name:qinerg passwd:123456]
三、Java版實現
為了驗證跨語言呼叫,下面我們分別再用java實現一下伺服器端和客戶端:
生成Java版開發庫:
thrift-0.9.1.exe -gen java RpcService.thrift
1、Java伺服器版
package demo.rpc;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import org.apache.thrift.TException;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol.Factory;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer;
import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
/**
* Thrift測試伺服器
*/
public class Server implements RpcService.Iface {
public static void main(String[] as) {
TNonblockingServerTransport serverTransport = null;
try {
serverTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket(19090);
} catch (TTransportException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
RpcService.Processor<RpcService.Iface> processor = new RpcService.Processor<RpcService.Iface>(
new Server());
Factory protFactory = new TBinaryProtocol.Factory(true, true);
//TCompactProtocol.Factory protFactory = new TCompactProtocol.Factory();
TNonblockingServer.Args args = new TNonblockingServer.Args(
serverTransport);
args.processor(processor);
args.protocolFactory(protFactory);
TServer server = new TNonblockingServer(args);
System.out.println("Start server on port 19090 ...");
server.serve();
}
@Override
public List<String> funCall(long callTime, String funCode,
Map<String, String> paramMap) throws TException {
System.out.println("-->FunCall:" + callTime + " " + funCode + " "
+ paramMap);
List<String> retList = new ArrayList<>();
for (Entry<String, String> entry : paramMap.entrySet()) {
retList.add(entry.getKey() + entry.getValue());
}
return retList;
}
}
2、Java客戶端版
package demo.rpc;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.thrift.TException;
import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
/**
* Thrift測試客戶端
*/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
TTransport transport = new TFramedTransport(new TSocket("localhost", 19090));
TBinaryProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);
//TCompactProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport);
RpcService.Client client = new RpcService.Client(protocol);
transport.open();
Map<String, String> param = new HashMap<String, String>();
param.put("name", "qinerg");
param.put("passwd", "123456");
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println(client.funCall(System.currentTimeMillis() , "login", param));
}
transport.close();
} catch (TException x) {
x.printStackTrace();
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(" 本次呼叫完成時間:" + endTime + " " + startTime + " " + (endTime - startTime));
}
}
好了,現在啟動java版伺服器端,用golang版客戶端呼叫,完全沒有問題。啟動golang版伺服器端程式,用java版客戶端呼叫,同樣OK。
完美實現了跨語言呼叫。