防止android應用程式無響應ANR(Application Not Responding)
在android中應用被單個執行緒操作:主執行緒,或者叫做UI執行緒。
一:什麼是ANR
ANR:Application Not Responding,即應用無響應
二:ANR的型別
ANR一般有三種類型:
1:KeyDispatchTimeout(5 seconds) --主要型別
按鍵或觸控事件在特定時間內無響應
2:BroadcastTimeout(10 seconds)
BroadcastReceiver在特定時間內無法處理完成
3:ServiceTimeout(20 seconds) --小概率型別
Service在特定的時間內無法處理完成
五:如何避免KeyDispatchTimeout
1:UI執行緒儘量只做跟UI相關的工作
2:耗時的工作(比如資料庫操作,I/O,連線網路或者別的有可能阻礙UI執行緒的操作)把它放入單獨的執行緒處理
3:儘量用Handler來處理UIthread和別的thread之間的互動
六:UI執行緒
說了那麼多的UI執行緒,那麼哪些屬於UI執行緒呢?
UI執行緒主要包括如下:
-
Activity:onCreate(), onResume(), onDestroy(), onKeyDown(), onClick(),etc
-
AsyncTask: onPreExecute(), onProgressUpdate(), onPostExecute(), onCancel,etc
-
Mainthread handler: handleMessage(), post*(runnable r), etc
-
other
七:如何去分析ANR
先看個LOG:
04-01 13:12:11.572 I/InputDispatcher( 220): Application is not responding:Window{2b263310com.android.email/com.android.email.activity.SplitScreenActivitypaused=false}. 5009.8ms since event, 5009.5ms since waitstarted
04-0113:12:11.572 I/WindowManager( 220): Input event dispatching timedout sending tocom.android.email/com.android.email.activity.SplitScreenActivity
04-01 13:12:14.123 I/Process( 220): Sending signal. PID: 21404 SIG: 3---發生ANR的時間和生成trace.txt的時間
04-01 13:12:14.123 I/dalvikvm(21404):threadid=4: reacting to signal 3
……
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): ANR in com.android.email(com.android.email/.activity.SplitScreenActivity)
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): Reason:keyDispatchingTimedOut
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): Load: 8.68 / 8.37 / 8.53
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): CPUusage from 4361ms to 699ms ago----CPU在ANR發生前的使用情況
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 5.5%21404/com.android.email: 1.3% user + 4.1% kernel / faults: 10 minor
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 4.3%220/system_server: 2.7% user + 1.5% kernel / faults: 11 minor 2 major
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 0.9%52/spi_qsd.0: 0% user + 0.9% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 0.5%65/irq/170-cyttsp-: 0% user + 0.5% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 0.5%296/com.android.systemui: 0.5% user + 0% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 100%TOTAL: 4.8% user + 7.6% kernel + 87% iowait
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): CPUusage from 3697ms to 4223ms later:-- ANR後CPU的使用量
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 25%21404/com.android.email: 25% user + 0% kernel / faults: 191 minor
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 16% 21603/__eas(par.hakan: 16% user + 0% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 7.2% 21406/GC: 7.2% user + 0% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 1.8% 21409/Compiler: 1.8% user + 0% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 5.5%220/system_server: 0% user + 5.5% kernel / faults: 1 minor
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 5.5% 263/InputDispatcher: 0% user + 5.5% kernel
04-0113:12:15.872 E/ActivityManager( 220): 32%TOTAL: 28% user + 3.7% kernel
從LOG可以看出ANR的型別,CPU的使用情況,如果CPU使用量接近100%,說明當前裝置很忙,有可能是CPU飢餓導致了ANR
如果CPU使用量很少,說明主執行緒被BLOCK了
如果IOwait很高,說明ANR有可能是主執行緒在進行I/O操作造成的
除了看LOG,解決ANR還得需要trace.txt檔案,
如何獲取呢?可以用如下命令獲取
-
$chmod 777 /data/anr
-
$rm /data/anr/traces.txt
-
$ps
-
$kill -3 PID
-
adbpull data/anr/traces.txt ./mytraces.txt
從trace.txt檔案,看到最多的是如下的資訊:
-----pid 21404 at 2011-04-01 13:12:14 -----
Cmdline: com.android.email
DALVIK THREADS:
(mutexes: tll=0tsl=0 tscl=0 ghl=0 hwl=0 hwll=0)
"main" prio=5 tid=1NATIVE
| group="main" sCount=1 dsCount=0obj=0x2aad2248 self=0xcf70
| sysTid=21404 nice=0 sched=0/0cgrp=[fopen-error:2] handle=1876218976
atandroid.os.MessageQueue.nativePollOnce(Native Method)
atandroid.os.MessageQueue.next(MessageQueue.java:119)
atandroid.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:110)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:3688)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
atjava.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:507)
atcom.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:866)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:624)
at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
說明主執行緒在等待下條訊息進入訊息佇列
七:STRICTMODE
這個工具會檢測發生在主執行緒上的磁碟或者網路操作並且會採取行動來警告開發者(包括日誌記錄和應用程式崩潰)
StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(new StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder()
.detectAll()
.penaltyLog()
.penaltyDialog()
.build());(monitor specific thread)
StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(new StrictMode.ThreadPolicy.Builder()
.detectAll()
.penaltyLog()
.penaltyDeath()
.build());(monitor all threads)
只在除錯模式下啟動StrictMode
如何檢測:
public class Util {
public static boolean isDebugMode(Context context) {
PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
try {
ApplicationInfo info = pm.getApplicationInfo(context.getPackageName(), 0);
return (info.flags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_DEBUGGABLE) != 0;
} catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
}
return true;
}
public static boolean useStrictMode(Context context) {
return isDebugMode(context) && Build.VERSIONSDK_INT >= 9;
}
}