1. 程式人生 > >Lateral View用法 與 Hive UDTF explode

Lateral View用法 與 Hive UDTF explode

Lateral View是Hive中提供給UDTF的conjunction,它可以解決UDTF不能新增額外的select列的問題。

1. Why we need Lateral View?

當我們想對hive表中某一列進行split之後,想對其轉換成1 to N的模式,即一行轉多列。

hive不允許我們在UDTF函式之外,再新增其它select語句。

如下,我們想將登入某個遊戲的使用者id放在一個欄位user_ids裡,對每一行資料用UDTF後輸出多行。

select game_id, explode(split(user_ids,'\\[\\[\\[')) as user_id   from login_game_log  where dt='2014-05-15' 

FAILED: Error in semantic analysis: UDTF's are not supported outside the SELECT clause, nor nested in expressions。

提示語法分析錯誤,UDTF不支援函式之外的select 語句,真無語。。。

如果我們想支援怎麼辦呢?接下來就是Lateral View 登場的時候了。

2. Lateral View explain

2.1 單個Lateral View

Lateral view is used in conjunction with user-defined table generatingfunctions such as explode(). As mentioned in 

Built-in Table-Generating Functions, a UDTF generates zero or more output rows foreach input row. A lateral view first applies the UDTF to each row of base tableand then joins resulting output rows to the input rows to form a virtual tablehaving the supplied table alias.

解釋一下:

Lateral view 其實就是用來和像類似explode這種UDTF函式聯用的。lateral view 會將UDTF生成的結果放到一個虛擬表中,然後這個虛擬表會和輸入行即每個game_id進行join 來達到連線UDTF外的select欄位的目的。

Lateral View Syntax

lateralView: LATERAL VIEW udtf(expression) tableAlias AS columnAlias (',' columnAlias)*

fromClause: FROM baseTable (lateralView)*

可以看出,可以在2個地方用Lateral view:

1. 在udtf前面用

2. 在from baseTable後面用

舉個例子:

1. 先建立一個檔案,裡面2列用\t分割,game_id和user_ids

hive> create table test_lateral_view_shengli(game_id string,userl_ids string) row format delimited fields terminated by '\t' stored as textfile;

OK

Time taken: 2.451 seconds

hive> load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/test_lateral' into table test_lateral_view_shengli;

Copying data from file:/home/hadoop/test_lateral

Copying file: file:/home/hadoop/test_lateral

Loading data to table dw.test_lateral_view_shengli

OK

Time taken: 6.716 seconds

hive> select * from test_lateral_view_shengli;                                                                                                           

OK

game101       15358083654[[[ab33787873[[[zjy18052480603[[[shlg1881826[[[lxqab110

game66       winning1ren[[[13810537508

game101       hu330602003[[[hu330602004[[[hu330602005[[[15967506560

下面使用lateral_view

hive> select game_id, user_id  

    > from test_lateral_view_shengli lateral view explode(split(userl_ids,'\\[\\[\\[')) snTable as user_id 

    > ;

Total MapReduce jobs = 1

Launching Job 1 out of 1

Number of reduce tasks is set to 0 since there's no reduce operator

Starting Job = job_201403301416_445839, Tracking URL = http://10.1.9.10:50030/jobdetails.jsp?jobid=job_201403301416_445839

Kill Command = /app/home/hadoop/src/hadoop-0.20.2-cdh3u5/bin/../bin/hadoop job  -Dmapred.job.tracker=10.1.9.10:9001 -kill job_201403301416_445839

2014-05-16 17:39:19,108 Stage-1 map = 0%,  reduce = 0%

2014-05-16 17:39:28,157 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 0%

2014-05-16 17:39:38,830 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 100%

Ended Job = job_201403301416_445839

OK

game101       hu330602003

game101       hu330602004

game101       hu330602005

game101       15967506560

game101       15358083654

game101       ab33787873

game101       zjy18052480603

game101       shlg1881826

game101       lxqab110

game66       winning1ren

game66       13810537508

2.2 多個Lateral View

From語句後可以跟多個Lateral View。

A FROM clause can have multiple LATERAL VIEW clauses. Subsequent LATERAL VIEWS can reference columns from any of the tables appearing to the left of the LATERAL VIEW.

給定資料:

Array<int> col1

Array<string> col2

[1, 2]

[a", "b", "c"]

[3, 4]

[d", "e", "f"]

轉換目標:

想同時把第一列和第二列拆開,類似做笛卡爾乘積。

int myCol1

string myCol2

1

"a"

1

"b"

1

"c"

2

"a"

2

"b"

2

"c"

3

"d"

3

"e"

3

"f"

4

"d"

4

"e"

4

"f"

我們可以這樣寫:

SELECT myCol1, myCol2 FROM baseTable

LATERAL VIEW explode(col1) myTable1 AS myCol1

LATERAL VIEW explode(col2) myTable2 AS myCol2;

3. Outer Lateral View

還有一種情況,如果UDTF轉換的Array是空的怎麼辦呢?

在Hive0.12裡面會支援outer關鍵字,如果UDTF的結果是空,預設會被忽略輸出。

如果加上outer關鍵字,則會像left outer join 一樣,還是會輸出select出的列,而UDTF的輸出結果是NULL。

hive> select * FROM test_lateral_view_shengli LATERAL VIEW explode(array()) C AS a ;

結果是什麼都不輸出。

如果加上outer關鍵字:

SELECT * FROM src LATERAL VIEW OUTER explode(array()) C AS a limit 10;

238 val_238 NULL

86 val_86 NULL

311 val_311 NULL

27 val_27 NULL

165 val_165 NULL

409 val_409 NULL

255 val_255 NULL

278 val_278 NULL

98 val_98 NULL

...

4.總結:

Lateral View通常和UDTF一起出現,為了解決UDTF不允許在select欄位的問題。

Multiple Lateral View可以實現類似笛卡爾乘積。

Outer關鍵字可以把不輸出的UDTF的空結果,輸出成NULL,防止丟失資料。