1. 程式人生 > >Java中Cloneable介面的淺複製與深複製

Java中Cloneable介面的淺複製與深複製

深拷貝(深複製)和淺拷貝(淺複製)是兩個比較通用的概念,尤其在C++語言中,若不弄懂,則會在delete的時候出問題,但是我們在這幸好用的是Java。雖然java自動管理物件的回收,但對於深拷貝(深複製)和淺拷貝(淺複製),我們還是要給予足夠的重視,因為有時這兩個概念往往會給我們帶來不小的困惑。

淺拷貝是指拷貝物件時僅僅拷貝物件本身(包括物件中的基本變數),而不拷貝物件包含的引用指向的物件。深拷貝不僅拷貝物件本身,而且拷貝物件包含的引用指向的所有物件。舉例來說更加清楚:物件A1中包含對B1的引用,B1中包含對C1的引用。淺拷貝A1得到A2,A2 中依然包含對B1的引用,B1中依然包含對C1的引用。深拷貝則是對淺拷貝的遞迴,深拷貝A1得到A2,A2中包含對B2(B1的copy)的引用,B2 中包含對C2(C1的copy)的引用。

若不對clone()方法進行改寫,則呼叫此方法得到的物件即為淺拷貝,下面我們著重談一下深拷貝。

執行下面的程式,看一看淺拷貝:

class Professor0 implements Cloneable {
    String name;
    int age;

    Professor0(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}

class Student0 implements Cloneable {
    String name;// 常量物件。
    int age;
    Professor0 p;// 學生1和學生2的引用值都是一樣的。

    Student0(String name, int age, Professor0 p) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.p = p;
    }

    public Object clone() {
        Student0 o = null;
        try {
            o = (Student0) super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            System.out.println(e.toString());
        }

        return o;
    }
}

public class ShallowCopy {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Professor0 p = new Professor0("wangwu", 50);
        Student0 s1 = new Student0("zhangsan", 18, p);
        Student0 s2 = (Student0) s1.clone();
        s2.p.name = "lisi";
        s2.p.age = 30;
        s2.name = "z";
        s2.age = 45;
        System.out.println("學生s1的姓名:" + s1.name + "\n學生s1教授的姓名:" + s1.p.name + "," + "\n學生s1教授的年紀" + s1.p.age);// 學生1的教授
    }
}

s2變了,但s1也變了,證明s1的p和s2的p指向的是同一個物件。這在我們有的實際需求中,卻不是這樣,因而我們需要深拷貝:

class Professor implements Cloneable {
    String name;
    int age;

    Professor(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Object clone() {
        Object o = null;
        try {
            o = super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            System.out.println(e.toString());
        }
        return o;
    }
}

class Student implements Cloneable {
    String name;
    int age;
    Professor p;

    Student(String name, int age, Professor p) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.p = p;
    }

    public Object clone() {
        Student o = null;
        try {
            o = (Student) super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            System.out.println(e.toString());
        }
        o.p = (Professor) p.clone();
        return o;
    }
}

public class DeepCopy {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Professor p = new Professor("wangwu", 50);
        Student s1 = new Student("zhangsan", 18, p);
        Student s2 = (Student) s1.clone();
        s2.p.name = "lisi";
        s2.p.age = 30;
        System.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," + "age=" + s1.p.age);// 學生1的教授不改變。
        long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println(t2-t1);
    }
}

當然我們還有一種深拷貝方法,就是將物件序列化:

import java.io.*;
//Serialization is time-consuming
class Professor2 implements Serializable {
    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    String name;
    int age;

    Professor2(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
}

class Student2 implements Serializable {
    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    String name;// 常量物件。
    int age;
    Professor2 p;// 學生1和學生2的引用值都是一樣的。

    Student2(String name, int age, Professor2 p) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.p = p;
    }

    public Object deepClone() throws IOException, OptionalDataException,
            ClassNotFoundException {
        // 將物件寫到流裡
        ByteArrayOutputStream bo = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream oo = new ObjectOutputStream(bo);
        oo.writeObject(this);
        // 從流裡讀出來
        ByteArrayInputStream bi = new ByteArrayInputStream(bo.toByteArray());
        ObjectInputStream oi = new ObjectInputStream(bi);
        return (oi.readObject());
    }

}

public class DeepCopy2 {

    /**
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws OptionalDataException,
            IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Professor2 p = new Professor2("wangwu", 50);
        Student2 s1 = new Student2("zhangsan", 18, p);
        Student2 s2 = (Student2) s1.deepClone();
        s2.p.name = "lisi";
        s2.p.age = 30;
        System.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," + "age=" + s1.p.age); // 學生1的教授不改變。
        long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println(t2-t1);
    }

}

但是序列化卻很耗時,在一些框架中,我們便可以感受到,它們往往將物件進行序列化後進行傳遞,耗時較多。