Linux Distribution：Ubuntu 14

一，Nginx的安裝

首先從Nginx的官網下載最新的穩定版本1.14.0：nginx:download

[email protected]:~$ tar -xzf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz 
[email protected]:~$ cd nginx-1.14.0/
[email protected]:~/nginx-1.14.0$ sudo ./configure
	......
./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.
 

配置時異常，提示HTTP的rewrite模組需要PCRE庫，如果需要使用HTTP的rewrite功能，需要首先安裝PCRE庫，如果不需要該功能，也可使用--without-http_rewrite_module關閉該功能

[email protected]:~$ tar -xzf pcre-8.42.tar.gz 
[email protected]:~$ cd pcre-8.42/
[email protected]:~/pcre-8.42$ sudo ./configure
[email protected]:~/pcre-8.42$ sudo make
 
[email protected]:~/pcre-8.42$ sudo make install

PCRE安裝完成之後繼續Nginx的安裝

[email protected]:~/pcre-8.42$ cd ../nginx-1.14.0/
[email protected]:~/nginx-1.14.0$ sudo ./configure
	......
./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_gzip_module
option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-zlib=<path> option.
 

HTTP的gzip模組需要zlib庫的支援，下載zlib庫的最新版本：http://www.zlib.net/

[email protected]:~$ tar -xzf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz 
[email protected]:~$ cd zlib-1.2.11/
[email protected]:~/zlib-1.2.11$ sudo ./configure
[email protected]:~/zlib-1.2.11$ sudo make
[email protected]:~/zlib-1.2.11$ sudo make install

安裝完zlib庫之後再次安裝Nginx

[email protected]:~/zlib-1.2.11$ cd ../nginx-1.14.0/
[email protected]:~/nginx-1.14.0$ sudo ./configure
[email protected]:~/nginx-1.14.0$ sudo make
[email protected]:~/nginx-1.14.0$ sudo make install

Nginx最終將被安裝在/usr/local/nginx目錄下

[email protected]:/usr/local/nginx$ ll
total 24
drwxr-xr-x  6 root root 4096  7月  4 22:14 ./
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096  7月  4 22:14 ../
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096  7月  4 22:14 conf/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096  7月  4 22:14 html/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096  7月  4 22:14 logs/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096  7月  4 22:14 sbin/

Nginx的可執行檔案放在sbin目錄下

[email protected]:/usr/local/nginx/sbin$ ./nginx 
nginx: [alert] could not open error log file: open() "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log" failed (13: Permission denied)
2016/07/05 00:01:01 [emerg] 59770#0: open() "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log" failed (13: Permission denied)
[email protected]:/usr/local/nginx/sbin$ sudo ./nginx 

 安裝低版本的PCRE庫（8.39版本，使用8.42版本沒發現該問題）啟動Nginx時會報找不到庫，解決方式如下：

[email protected]:/usr/local/nginx/sbin$ ./nginx 
./nginx: error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[email protected]:/usr/local/nginx/sbin$ ldd nginx 
	linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007ffdb31f6000)
	libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fa01d5c4000)
	libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fa01d3a6000)
	libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypt.so.1 (0x00007fa01d16c000)
	libpcre.so.1 => not found
	libz.so.1 => /usr/local/lib/libz.so.1 (0x00007f8278c55000)
	libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fa01cda7000)
	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00005583ba8e7000)

雖然PCRE已經安裝了，但是Nginx啟動時找不到libpcre.so.1，PCRE預設安裝在/usr/local/lib目錄下，在/lib目錄中手動建立一個libpcre.so.1的連結即可

[email protected]:/usr/local/nginx/sbin$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1 /lib
[email protected]:/usr/local/nginx/sbin$ ldd nginx 
	linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007fff2abef000)
	libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f15a891f000)
	libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f15a8701000)
	libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypt.so.1 (0x00007f15a84c7000)
	libpcre.so.1 => /lib/libpcre.so.1 (0x00007f15a82a9000)
	libz.so.1 => /usr/local/lib/libz.so.1 (0x00007f8278c55000)
	libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f15a7ee4000)
	/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x000055fce0ecb0

檢視一下程序狀態可以發現Nginx已經成功啟動了

[email protected]:/usr/local/nginx/sbin$ ps -ef|grep nginx
root       9700   9062  0 22:31 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
nobody     9701   9700  0 22:31 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
sean       9729   9638  0 22:32 pts/6    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

Nginx的預設監聽埠是80，此時我們訪問http://127.0.0.1:80，就會看到Nginx的歡迎頁面

二，Nginx的啟停

[email protected]:/usr/local/nginx/sbin$ sudo ./nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.10.1
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]

Options:
  -?,-h         : this help
  -v            : show version and exit
  -V            : show version and configure options then exit
  -t            : test configuration and exit
  -T            : test configuration, dump it and exit
  -q            : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
  -s signal     : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
  -p prefix     : set prefix path (default: /usr/local/nginx/)
  -c filename   : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)
  -g directives : set global directives out of configuration file

比較常用的幾個命令如下：

1，使用-t來校驗配置檔案格式

[email protected]:/usr/local/nginx/sbin$ sudo ./nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

2，使用-c指定單獨的配置檔案

3，平滑關閉

[email protected]:/usr/local/nginx/sbin$ sudo ./nginx -s quit

當然也可以使用kill -QUIT <pid>

4，快速關閉

[email protected]:/usr/local/nginx/sbin$ sudo ./nginx -s stop

當然也可以使用kill -TERM <pid>

此外還有平滑的過載配置檔案等一系列命令