GreenDAO是一款非要流行的android平臺上的資料庫框架，效能優秀，程式碼簡潔。
初始化資料庫模型程式碼的時候需要使用java專案生成程式碼，依賴的jar包已經上傳到我的資源裡了，下載地址如下：http://download.csdn.net/detail/fancylovejava/8859203

專案開發中用到的就是GreenDAO資料庫框架，需要進行資料庫版本升級。
其實資料庫版本升級比較麻煩的就是資料的遷移，data migration。

資料庫版本升級有很多方法，按不同需求來處理。

本質上是去執行sql語句去建立臨時資料表，然後遷移資料，修改臨時表名等。

資料版本升級，為了便於維護程式碼可以先定義一個抽象類

public abstract class AbstractMigratorHelper {

public abstract void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db);
}

然後讓自己更新資料庫邏輯的類繼承這個類

public class DBMigrationHelper6 extends AbstractMigratorHelper {

/* Upgrade from DB schema 6 to schema 7 , version numbers are just examples*/

public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db) {

    /* Create a temporal table where you will copy all the data from the previous table that you need to modify with a non supported sqlite operation */
 

    db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE " + "'post2' (" + //
            "'_id' INTEGER PRIMARY KEY ," + // 0: id
            "'POST_ID' INTEGER UNIQUE ," + // 1: postId
            "'USER_ID' INTEGER," + // 2: userId
            "'VERSION' INTEGER," + // 3: version
            "'TYPE' TEXT," + // 4: type
            "'MAGAZINE_ID'
 
 TEXT NOT NULL ," + // 5: magazineId
            "'SERVER_TIMESTAMP' INTEGER," + // 6: serverTimestamp
            "'CLIENT_TIMESTAMP' INTEGER," + // 7: clientTimestamp
            "'MAGAZINE_REFERENCE' TEXT NOT NULL ," + // 8: magazineReference
            "'POST_CONTENT' TEXT);"); // 9: postContent

    /* Copy the data from one table to the new one */
    db.execSQL("INSERT INTO post2 (_id, POST_ID, USER_ID, VERSION, TYPE,  MAGAZINE_ID, SERVER_TIMESTAMP, CLIENT_TIMESTAMP, MAGAZINE_REFERENCE, POST_CONTENT)" +
            "   SELECT _id, POST_ID, USER_ID, VERSION, TYPE,  MAGAZINE_ID, SERVER_TIMESTAMP, CLIENT_TIMESTAMP, MAGAZINE_REFERENCE, POST_CONTENT FROM post;");

    /* Delete the previous table */
    db.execSQL("DROP TABLE post");
    /* Rename the just created table to the one that I have just deleted */
    db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE post2 RENAME TO post");

    /* Add Index/es if you want them */
    db.execSQL("CREATE INDEX " + "IDX_post_USER_ID ON post" +
            " (USER_ID);");
    //Example sql statement
    db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE user ADD COLUMN USERNAME TEXT");
   }
}

最後在OpenHelper方法裡的OnUpgrade方法裡面處理，這裡方法呼叫的比較巧妙，借用國外大牛的程式碼複製下。

public static class UpgradeHelper extends OpenHelper {

    public UpgradeHelper(Context context, String name, CursorFactory factory) {
        super(context, name, factory);
    }

    /**
     * Here is where the calls to upgrade are executed
     */
    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {

        /* i represent the version where the user is now and the class named with this number implies that is upgrading from i to i++ schema */
        for (int i = oldVersion; i < newVersion; i++) {
            try {
                /* New instance of the class that migrates from i version to i++ version named DBMigratorHelper{version that the db has on this moment} */
                AbstractMigratorHelper migratorHelper = (AbstractMigratorHelper) Class.forName("com.nameofyourpackage.persistence.MigrationHelpers.DBMigrationHelper" + i).newInstance();

                if (migratorHelper != null) {

                    /* Upgrade de db */
                    migratorHelper.onUpgrade(db);
                }

            } catch (ClassNotFoundException | ClassCastException | IllegalAccessException | InstantiationException e) {

                Log.e(TAG, "Could not migrate from schema from schema: " + i + " to " + i++);
                /* If something fail prevent the DB to be updated to future version if the previous version has not been upgraded successfully */
                break;
            }


        }
    }
}

上面已經做了資料的遷移，國外有個大牛封裝的程式碼摘抄下來：

/**
 * Created by pokawa on 18/05/15.
 */
public class MigrationHelper {

    private static final String CONVERSION_CLASS_NOT_FOUND_EXCEPTION = "MIGRATION HELPER - CLASS DOESN'T MATCH WITH THE CURRENT PARAMETERS";
    private static MigrationHelper instance;

    public static MigrationHelper getInstance() {
        if(instance == null) {
            instance = new MigrationHelper();
        }
        return instance;
    }

    public void migrate(SQLiteDatabase db, Class<? extends AbstractDao<?, ?>>... daoClasses) {
        generateTempTables(db, daoClasses);
        DaoMaster.dropAllTables(db, true);
        DaoMaster.createAllTables(db, false);
        restoreData(db, daoClasses);
    }

    private void generateTempTables(SQLiteDatabase db, Class<? extends AbstractDao<?, ?>>... daoClasses) {
        for(int i = 0; i < daoClasses.length; i++) {
            DaoConfig daoConfig = new DaoConfig(db, daoClasses[i]);

            String divider = "";
            String tableName = daoConfig.tablename;
            String tempTableName = daoConfig.tablename.concat("_TEMP");
            ArrayList<String> properties = new ArrayList<>();

            StringBuilder createTableStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();

            createTableStringBuilder.append("CREATE TABLE ").append(tempTableName).append(" (");

            for(int j = 0; j < daoConfig.properties.length; j++) {
                String columnName = daoConfig.properties[j].columnName;

                if(getColumns(db, tableName).contains(columnName)) {
                    properties.add(columnName);

                    String type = null;

                    try {
                        type = getTypeByClass(daoConfig.properties[j].type);
                    } catch (Exception exception) {
                        Crashlytics.logException(exception);
                    }

                    createTableStringBuilder.append(divider).append(columnName).append(" ").append(type);

                    if(daoConfig.properties[j].primaryKey) {
                        createTableStringBuilder.append(" PRIMARY KEY");
                    }

                    divider = ",";
                }
            }
            createTableStringBuilder.append(");");

            db.execSQL(createTableStringBuilder.toString());

            StringBuilder insertTableStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();

            insertTableStringBuilder.append("INSERT INTO ").append(tempTableName).append(" (");
            insertTableStringBuilder.append(TextUtils.join(",", properties));
            insertTableStringBuilder.append(") SELECT ");
            insertTableStringBuilder.append(TextUtils.join(",", properties));
            insertTableStringBuilder.append(" FROM ").append(tableName).append(";");

            db.execSQL(insertTableStringBuilder.toString());
        }
    }

    private void restoreData(SQLiteDatabase db, Class<? extends AbstractDao<?, ?>>... daoClasses) {
        for(int i = 0; i < daoClasses.length; i++) {
            DaoConfig daoConfig = new DaoConfig(db, daoClasses[i]);

            String tableName = daoConfig.tablename;
            String tempTableName = daoConfig.tablename.concat("_TEMP");
            ArrayList<String> properties = new ArrayList();

            for (int j = 0; j < daoConfig.properties.length; j++) {
                String columnName = daoConfig.properties[j].columnName;

                if(getColumns(db, tempTableName).contains(columnName)) {
                    properties.add(columnName);
                }
            }

            StringBuilder insertTableStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();

            insertTableStringBuilder.append("INSERT INTO ").append(tableName).append(" (");
            insertTableStringBuilder.append(TextUtils.join(",", properties));
            insertTableStringBuilder.append(") SELECT ");
            insertTableStringBuilder.append(TextUtils.join(",", properties));
            insertTableStringBuilder.append(" FROM ").append(tempTableName).append(";");

            StringBuilder dropTableStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();

            dropTableStringBuilder.append("DROP TABLE ").append(tempTableName);

            db.execSQL(insertTableStringBuilder.toString());
            db.execSQL(dropTableStringBuilder.toString());
        }
    }

    private String getTypeByClass(Class<?> type) throws Exception {
        if(type.equals(String.class)) {
            return "TEXT";
        }
        if(type.equals(Long.class) || type.equals(Integer.class) || type.equals(long.class)) {
            return "INTEGER";
        }
        if(type.equals(Boolean.class)) {
            return "BOOLEAN";
        }

        Exception exception = new Exception(CONVERSION_CLASS_NOT_FOUND_EXCEPTION.concat(" - Class: ").concat(type.toString()));
        Crashlytics.logException(exception);
        throw exception;
    }

    private static List<String> getColumns(SQLiteDatabase db, String tableName) {
        List<String> columns = new ArrayList<>();
        Cursor cursor = null;
        try {
            cursor = db.rawQuery("SELECT * FROM " + tableName + " limit 1", null);
            if (cursor != null) {
                columns = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(cursor.getColumnNames()));
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.v(tableName, e.getMessage(), e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (cursor != null)
                cursor.close();
        }
        return columns;
    }
}

然後在OnUpgrade方法裡面去呼叫

public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
        Log.i("greenDAO", "Upgrading schema from version " + oldVersion + " to " + newVersion + " by migrating all tables data");

        MigrationHelper.getInstance().migrate(db,
                UserDao.class,
                ItemDao.class);
    }

上面程式碼全是乾貨，記錄下來以備不時之需！