C++11中delete的使用
In C++11, defaulted and deleted functions give you explicit control over whether the special member functions are automatically generated.
The opposite of a defaulted function is a deleted function.
Deleted functions are useful for preventing object copying, among the rest. Recall that C++ automatically declares a copy constructor and an assignment operator for classes. To disable copying, declare these two special member functions “=delete”.
The delete specifier can also be used to make sure member functions with particular parameters aren’t called.
=default: it means that you want to use the compiler-generated version of that function, so you don't need to specify a body.
=delete: it means that you don't want the compiler to generate that function automatically.
C++11中,對於deleted函式,編譯器會對其禁用,從而避免某些非法的函式呼叫或者型別轉換,從而提高程式碼的安全性。
對於 C++ 的類,如果程式設計師沒有為其定義特殊成員函式,那麼在需要用到某個特殊成員函式的時候,編譯器會隱式的自動生成一個預設的特殊成員函式,比如預設的建構函式、解構函式、拷貝建構函式以及拷貝賦值運算子。
為了能夠讓程式設計師顯式的禁用某個函式,C++11標準引入了一個新特性:deleted函式。程式設計師只需在函式聲明後加上”=delete;”,就可將該函式禁用。
deleted函式特性還可用於禁用類的某些轉換建構函式,從而避免不期望的型別轉換。
deleted函式特性還可以用來禁用某些使用者自定義的類的new操作符,從而避免在自由儲存區建立類的物件。
必須在函式第一次宣告的時候將其宣告為deleted函式,否則編譯器會報錯。即對於類的成員函式而言,deleted函式必須在類體裡(inline)定義,而不能在類體外(out-of-line)定義。
雖然defaulted函式特性規定了只有類的特殊成員函式才能被宣告為defaulted函式,但是deleted函式特性並沒有此限制。非類的成員函式,即普通函式也可以被宣告為deleted函式。
下面是從其他文章中copy的測試程式碼,詳細內容介紹可以參考對應的reference:
- #include "delete.hpp"
- #include <iostream>
- //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
- // reference: http://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/b-6-new-virtual-function-controls-override-final-default-and-delete/
- class Foo
- {
- Foo& operator=(const Foo&) = delete; // disallow use of assignment operator
- Foo(const Foo&) = delete; // disallow copy construction
- };
- class Foo_1
- {
- Foo_1(longlong); // Can create Foo() with a long long
- Foo_1(long) = delete; // But can't create it with anything smaller
- };
- class Foo_2
- {
- Foo_2(longlong); // Can create Foo() with a long long
- template<typename T> Foo_2(T) = delete; // But can't create it with anything else
- };
- ///////////////////////////////////////////////
- // reference: http://www.bogotobogo.com/cplusplus/C11/C11_default_delete_specifier.php
- class A_
- {
- public:
- A_(int a){};
- A_(double) = delete; // conversion disabled
- A_& operator=(const A_&) = delete; // assignment operator disabled
- };
- int test_delete1()
- {
- A_ a_(10); // OK
- // A_ b(3.14); // Error: conversion from double to int disabled
- // a = b; // Error: assignment operator disabled
- return 0;
- }
- ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
- // reference: https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/dn457344.aspx
- struct widget
- {
- // deleted operator new prevents widget from being dynamically allocated.
- void* operator new(std::size_t) = delete;
- };
GitHub:https://github.com/fengbingchun/Messy_Test