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گ 我就是我我只為自己代言 گ

      1.使用xml檔案可以快速有效的定義我們app的介面,可是有時候官方定義的一些基本元件不夠用,於是我們就需要自定義元件來滿足我們的開發需求,因此,我們就藉助attrs.xml來實現,改目錄位於res/values目錄:下面是studio建立attrs.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<!--是一個declare-styleable組,這個組名字myStudy(想寫什麼寫什麼最好顧名思義),後面佈局檔案中會用到, attr標籤是定義屬性名字以及屬性值 -->
<declare-styleable 
name="myStudy"> <attr name="textColor" format="color"></attr> <attr name="textSize" format="dimension"></attr> </declare-styleable> <!--是一個declare-styleable組,也可以不要,直接寫attr屬性 --> </resources>

       2.簡單寫一下自定義的myView:

public class MyView extends 
View { private Paint mPaint; private static final String mString = "Study Custom Attrs !!!!"; public MyView(Context context, int[] myStudy) { super(context); } public MyView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); mPaint = new Paint();
//TypedArray是一個數組容器:作用就是資源的對映作用 TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.myStudy); //設定TextView的各個屬性值 float textSize = ta.getDimension(R.styleable.myStudy_textSize , 30); int textColor = ta.getColor(R.styleable.myStudy_textColor , 0xFFFFFFF); //為畫筆設定各個屬性值 mPaint.setTextSize(textSize); mPaint.setColor(textColor); //釋放記憶體回收TypedArrayta.recycle(); } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); mPaint.setColor(Color.RED); //設定填充 // Paint.Style.FILL :填充內部 // Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE :填充內部和描邊 // Paint.Style.STROKE :僅描邊 mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL); //繪製矩形控制元件:左、上、右 、底 canvas.drawRect(new Rect(10 , 10 ,310 , 100) ,mPaint); //畫筆顏色 mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE); //繪製文字:座標X10 y100 canvas.drawText(mString, 20, 65 ,mPaint); }

       3.佈局檔案:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
xmlns:myStudy="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="com.example.wangqing.studyattrs.MainActivity">
    <com.example.wangqing.studyattrs.MyView
android:id="@+id/id_my"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
myStudy:textSize="14sp"
myStudy:textColor="#ff22ff"
/>
</RelativeLayout>

佈局檔案xmlns:myStudy="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"就是對我們自定義的attrs引入,

myStudy:textSize="14sp"
myStudy:textColor="#ff22ff"
屬性就是我們attrs定義的屬性

      4.進入知識拓展:

              001.兩個styleable,同時包含了相同的屬性custom,這時在編譯時會提示Attribute “xxx” has already been defined,表示相同屬性重複定義:a.相同styleable name不能再同一個attr.xml中重複定義,b.styleable name不一致attir name也不能重複定義,attr format屬性不影響重複定義結果。因此可以採用如下方法解決該問題

<declare-styleable name="Sample"> 
   <attr name="custom" format="string|reference" />
</declare-styleable>
<declare-styleable name="Sample1">
    <attr name="custom" format="string|reference" />
</declare-styleable>
<attr name="custom" format="string|reference" />
<declare-styleable name="Sample">
   <attr name="custom" />
</declare-styleable> 
<declare-styleable name="Sample1">  
  <attr name="custom" />
</declare-styleable>

          002.AttributeSet與TypedArray

         構造方法中的有個引數叫做AttributeSet(eg: MyView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) )這個引數看名字就知道包含的是引數的集合,那麼我能不能通過它去獲取我的自定義屬性呢?
        首先AttributeSet中的確儲存的是該View宣告的所有的屬性,並且外面的確可以通過它去獲取(自定義的)屬性,怎麼做呢?
其實看下AttributeSet的方法就明白了,下面看程式碼。

public MyView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
    super(context, attrs);

    TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.test);

    String text = ta.getString(R.styleable.test_testAttr);
    int textAttr = ta.getInteger(R.styleable.test_text, -1);

    Log.e(TAG, "text = " + text + " , textAttr = " + textAttr);

    ta.recycle();
  }


public MyTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
    super(context, attrs);

    int count = attrs.getAttributeCount();
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
      String attrName = attrs.getAttributeName(i);
      String attrVal = attrs.getAttributeValue(i);
      Log.e(TAG, "attrName = " + attrName + " , attrVal = " + attrVal);
    }

    // ==>use typedarray ...

  }

           但是,在

    android:layout_width="@dimen/dp100"
    android:layout_height="@dimen/dp200"
這種情況時AttributeSet取得值就是一個不知道的東西,而TypedArray依然可以取得對應的值,所以TypedArray是用來簡化我們的工作的,再次建議大家使用TypedArray

          003.Android自定義屬性詳解(網路貼上):

1. reference:參考某一資源ID。
    (1)屬性定義:
            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)屬性使用:
             <ImageView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/圖片ID"
                     />
2. color:顏色值。
    (1)屬性定義:
            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)屬性使用:
            <TextView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:textColor = "#00FF00"
                     />
3. boolean:布林值。
    (1)屬性定義:
            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)屬性使用:
            <Button
                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"
                    android:focusable = "true"
                    />
4. dimension:尺寸值。
    (1)屬性定義:
            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)屬性使用:
            <Button
                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"
                    />
5. float:浮點值。
    (1)屬性定義:
            <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">
                   <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)屬性使用:
            <alpha
                   android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
                   android:toAlpha = "0.7"
                   />
6. integer:整型值。
    (1)屬性定義:
            <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">
                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)屬性使用:
            <animated-rotate
                   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android
                   android:drawable = "@drawable/圖片ID" 
                   android:pivotX = "50%" 
                   android:pivotY = "50%" 
                   android:framesCount = "12" 
                   android:frameDuration = "100"
                   />
7. string:字串。
    (1)屬性定義:
            <declare-styleable name = "MapView">
                   <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)屬性使用:
            <com.google.android.maps.MapView
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"
                    />
8. fraction:百分數。
    (1)屬性定義:
            <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
                   <attr name = "visible" />
                   <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "drawable" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)屬性使用:
            <rotate  xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
               android:interpolator = "@anim/動畫ID"
                 android:fromDegrees = "0"
               android:toDegrees = "360"
                 android:pivotX = "200%"
                 android:pivotY = "300%"
               android:duration = "5000"
                 android:repeatMode = "restart"
                 android:repeatCount = "infinite"
                   />
9. enum:列舉值。
    (1)屬性定義:
            <declare-styleable name="名稱">
                   <attr name="orientation">
                          <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
                          <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
                   </attr>           
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)屬性使用:
            <LinearLayout
                    xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                    android:orientation = "vertical"
                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                    >
            </LinearLayout>
10. flag:位或運算。
     (1)屬性定義:
             <declare-styleable name="名稱">
                    <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
                            <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
                            <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
                            <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
                            <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
                            <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
                            <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
                            <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
                            <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
                     </attr>        
             </declare-styleable>
     (2)屬性使用:
            <activity
                   android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
                   android:label = "@string/app_name"
                   android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
                   <intent-filter>
                          <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                          <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                   </intent-filter>

             </activity>
     注意:
     屬性定義時可以指定多種型別值。
    (1)屬性定義:
            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
            </declare-styleable>
    (2)屬性使用:
             <ImageView
                     android:layout_width = "42dip"
                     android:layout_height = "42dip"
                     android:background = "@drawable/圖片ID|#00FF00"
                     />