1. 程式人生 > >Mybatis 介紹以及面試問題

Mybatis 介紹以及面試問題

Mybatis原名Ibatis,在2011年從Ibatis2.x升級到Mybatis 3.X,並將專案地址從Apache遷移到了Google code,事實上我們看MyBatis的類全路徑名,還是保留了Apache和Ibatis的的包字首

import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

不過MyBatis的配置檔案以及操作類和實現方式都有了很大變化,這裡我們重點講述的是Mybatis,不是Ibatis;

Mybatis的配置檔案一共由兩類:

一類用於指定資料來源、事務屬性以及其他一些引數配置資訊(通常是一個獨立的檔案,可以稱之為全域性配置檔案);

另一類則用於 指定資料庫表和程式之間的對映資訊(可能不止一個檔案,我們稱之為對映檔案)

這些檔案的名字並沒有確定的要求;只是要最從特定的dtd的xml檔案約束,即xml標籤需要符合要求;

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC" />
            <!-- 配置資料庫連線資訊 -->
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis" />
                <property name="username" value="root" />
                <property name="password" value="root" />
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>

    <mappers>
        <!-- 註冊userMapper.xml檔案, 
        userMapper.xml位於com.test.mapping這個包下,所以resource寫成com/test/mapping/userMapper.xml-->
        <mapper resource="com/test/mapping/userMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>

</configuration>

上述就是MyBatis的資料來源,事務屬性,以及對映檔案的索引;

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!-- 為這個mapper指定一個唯一的namespace,namespace的值習慣上設定成包名+sql對映檔名,這樣就能夠保證namespace的值是唯一的
例如namespace="com.test.mapping.userMapper"就是com.test.mapping(包名)+userMapper(userMapper.xml檔案去除字尾)
 -->
<mapper namespace="com.test.mapping.userMapper">
    <!-- 
        根據id查詢得到一個user物件
     -->
    <select id="getUser" parameterType="int" 
        resultType="com.test.domain.User">
        select * from users where id=#{id}
    </select>
</mapper>

上面是資料庫表與程式之間的對映檔案,定義了一個根據id來獲取User物件的sql

package com.test.domain;

/**
 * users表所對應的實體類
 */
public class User {

    //實體類的屬性和表的欄位名稱一一對應
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
    }
}

問題:

mybatis是怎麼在程式中順利的找到sqlmapper的,這個的流程是怎麼樣??

// mybatis的配置檔案
String resource = "conf.xml";
// 使用類載入器載入mybatis的配置檔案(它也載入關聯的對映檔案)
InputStream is = Test1.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(resource);
// 構建sqlSession的工廠
SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);

題主問的sqlmapper可以理解為兩種元件,一種是mapping對映檔案,通過id名來獲取相應的sql語句,操作資料庫;一種是sql的返回物件,

resultType="com.test.domain.User"

這個就是返回的sql結果對映成為具體的POJO(Plain Ordinary Java Object)物件;

兩個重要的類即:

org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;

org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;

package org.apache.ibatis.session;

import java.sql.Connection;

public interface SqlSessionFactory {

  SqlSession openSession();

  SqlSession openSession(boolean autoCommit);
  SqlSession openSession(Connection connection);
  SqlSession openSession(TransactionIsolationLevel level);

  SqlSession openSession(ExecutorType execType);
  SqlSession openSession(ExecutorType execType, boolean autoCommit);
  SqlSession openSession(ExecutorType execType, TransactionIsolationLevel level);
  SqlSession openSession(ExecutorType execType, Connection connection);

  Configuration getConfiguration();

}

在構建SqlSessionFactory類的時候,將會對資料來源及事務配置進行解析,具體在

org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLConfigBuilder類

org.apache.ibatis.builder.BaseBuilder類

XMLConfigBuilder類是解析產生org.apache.ibatis.Session.Configuration類的的具體類,Configuration類中將儲存中所有的配置;

這篇部落格介紹了一些xml檔案解析的基本;

具體mybatis的xml解析使用到了XPath方式,具體解析過程參看

其實一般各種輪子都會有一個解析XML後資訊的專用儲存類,比如Config.Java,xxxConf.java,都是在啟動元件時解析XML配置以用作程式中使用的。

通過跟蹤原始碼可以看到SqlSession通過mapper對映的id來查詢資料的方法;

org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession類

public <E> List<E> selectList(String statement, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds)
{
     try
     {
	 MappedStatement ms = configuration.getMappedStatement(statement);
	 List<E> result = executor.<E> query(ms, wrapCollection(parameter), rowBounds, Executor.NO_RESULT_HANDLER);
	 return result;
     }
     catch (Exception e)
     {
	throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error querying database.  Cause: " + e, e);
     }
     finally
     {
	ErrorContext.instance().reset();  
     }
}

org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration類

public MappedStatement getMappedStatement(String id)
{
	return this.getMappedStatement(id, true);
}
protected final Map<String, MappedStatement> mappedStatements = 
new StrictMap<MappedStatement>("Mapped Statements collection");
public MappedStatement getMappedStatement(String id, boolean validateIncompleteStatements)
{
	if (validateIncompleteStatements)
	{
		buildAllStatements();
	}
	return mappedStatements.get(id);
}

其實就是根據一個map對映,key就是定義mapping時候的id來拿到的;

上述org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession類物件中的 selectList方法中的executor物件,

在預設情況下,即沒有設定settings的cache和executor屬性時,預設使用的

org.apache.ibatis.executor.CachingExecutor類

public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction, ExecutorType executorType, boolean autoCommit)
{
	        executorType = executorType == null ? defaultExecutorType : executorType;
	        executorType = executorType == null ? ExecutorType.SIMPLE : executorType;
		Executor executor;
		if (ExecutorType.BATCH == executorType)
		{
			executor = new BatchExecutor(this, transaction);
		}
		else if (ExecutorType.REUSE == executorType)
		{
			executor = new ReuseExecutor(this, transaction);
		}
		else
		{
			executor = new SimpleExecutor(this, transaction);
		}
		if (cacheEnabled)
		{
			executor = new CachingExecutor(executor, autoCommit);
		}
		executor = (Executor) interceptorChain.pluginAll(executor);
		return executor;
}

所以呼叫到了

public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, 
                        RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler)
			throws SQLException
{
      BoundSql boundSql = ms.getBoundSql(parameterObject);
      CacheKey key = createCacheKey(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, boundSql);
      return query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}

在真正查詢時先查詢cache,可以看到這個cache層級在MappedStatement上,也就是在單個Sql上;若查到,則直接返回,無則通過jdbc查詢,且返回結果

public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler,
		CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException
{
	Cache cache = ms.getCache();
	if (cache != null)
	{
		flushCacheIfRequired(ms);
		if (ms.isUseCache() && resultHandler == null)
		{
			ensureNoOutParams(ms, key, parameterObject, boundSql);
			if (!dirty)
			{
				cache.getReadWriteLock().readLock().lock();
				try
				{
					@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
					List<E> cachedList = (List<E>) cache.getObject(key);
					if (cachedList != null)
						return cachedList;
				}
				finally
				{
					cache.getReadWriteLock().readLock().unlock();
				}
			}
			List<E> list = delegate.<E> query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
			tcm.putObject(cache, key, list); // issue #578. Query must be
												// not synchronized to
												// prevent deadlocks
			return list;
		}
	}
	return delegate.<E> query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}

上述的使用方式是未使用代理的方式,這樣需要我們自行openSession並且關閉Session;

SqlSession session = null;
try
{
	session = sessionFactory.openSession();
	/**
	 * 對映sql的標識字串, com.test.mapping.userMapper是userMapper.
	 * xml檔案中mapper標籤的namespace屬性的值,
	 * getUser是select標籤的id屬性值,通過select標籤的id屬性值就可以找到要執行的SQL
	 */
	String statement = "com.test.mapping.userMapper.getUser";// 對映sql的標識字串
	// 執行查詢返回一個唯一user物件的sql
	User user = session.selectOne(statement, 1);
	System.out.println(user);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
	// TODO: handle exception
}
finally
{
	if (session != null)
	{
		session.close();
	}
}

事實上如果我們使用SqlSessionManager來管理,那麼開啟和關閉Session操作都不用我們來處理了。

final SqlSessionManager sqlSessionManager = SqlSessionManager.newInstance(sessionFactory);
String statement = "com.test.mapping.userMapper.getUser";// 對映sql的標識字串
User user = sqlSessionManager.selectOne(statement, 1);
System.out.println(user);

下面是Interceptor類實現,開啟和關閉操作都交由了

private class SqlSessionInterceptor implements InvocationHandler
{
	public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable
	{
		final SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionManager.this.localSqlSession.get();
		if (sqlSession != null)
		{
			try
			{
				return method.invoke(sqlSession, args);
			}
			catch (Throwable t)
			{
				throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(t);
			}
		}
		else
		{
			final SqlSession autoSqlSession = openSession();
			try
			{
				final Object result = method.invoke(autoSqlSession, args);
				autoSqlSession.commit();
				return result;
			}
			catch (Throwable t)
			{
				autoSqlSession.rollback();
				throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(t);
			}
			finally
			{
				autoSqlSession.close();
			}
		}
	}
}

如果使用Mapper方式來操作SQL,就是利用動態代理,可以避免我們手寫mapper的id字串,將查詢sql過程和執行sql過程放到了代理處理中,更優雅些,不過大體流程就是這些,改變了查詢sql的步驟,通過Mapper的方法名來查詢對應的sql的,