一、基於RESTframework實現API

1、環境準備

安裝restframework，註冊app

pip install djangorestframework

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ‘django.contrib.admin‘,
    ‘django.contrib.auth‘,
    ‘django.contrib.contenttypes‘,
    ‘django.contrib.sessions‘,
    ‘django.contrib.messages‘,
    ‘django.contrib.staticfiles‘,
    ‘app01.apps.App01Config‘,
    ‘rest_framework‘,
]

2、url

urlpatterns = [
    url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
    url(r‘^publish/‘, views.PublishView.as_view()),
]

3、models

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


class Book(models.Model):
    title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price=models.IntegerField()
    pub_date=models.DateField()
    publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish")
    authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class Publish(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email=models.EmailField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Author(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age=models.IntegerField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

4、views

基於CBV方式

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

# Create your views here.
from .models import Publish
from rest_framework.views import APIView

class PublishView(APIView):
    def get(self,request):
 
        #序列化方式4rest_framework
        from rest_framework.response import Response
        publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        ps = PublishSerializers(publish_list, many=True)
        return Response(ps.data)

    def post(self,request):
        return  HttpResponse(‘POST‘)

5、測試

二、序列化

API返回結果的形式，json是非常流行的。但是我們在序列化結果時，有多種方式，每種方式實現的方式不同。

1、原生json方式

import json
        publish_list = list(Publish.objects.all().values())
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(publish_list))

　使用json方式對結果進行強轉，先把結果強轉成列表的方式，然後通過json的dumps方式對結果進行格式化。

註意：

這種方式實現最簡單，也可以自定制需要返回的字段。

2、model_to_dict方法

#序列化方式2
        # from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
        # publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        # data = []
        # for obj in publish_list:
        #     data.append(model_to_dict(obj))
        # return HttpResponse(data)

　　通過models自帶的model_to_dict方法直接把obj對象轉換成字典的形式，然後返回。缺點：需要把每個對象再次進行處理。

3、django自帶的serializers方法

#序列化方式3
        # from django.core import serializers
        # publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        # data = serializers.serialize("json", publish_list)
        # return HttpResponse(data)

4、rest-framework自帶serializers方法

from rest_framework import serializers
class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    name=serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
    email=serializers.CharField()


from rest_framework.views import APIView
視圖函數繼承APIView方法

#序列化方式4rest_framework
        from rest_framework.response import Response
        publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        ps = PublishSerializers(publish_list, many=True)
        return Response(ps.data)

Django基於REST framework實現API