ubuntu 檢測網路狀態命令
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-02-19
一、檢測網路狀態常用的基本命令
1)ifconfig命令被用於配置和顯示Linux核心中網路介面的網路引數
ifconfig
輸出結果如下:
drew@ubun:~$ ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:乙太網 硬體地址 d0:17:c2:aa:11:b8
inet 地址:10.0.4.33 廣播:10.0.31.255 掩碼:255.255.224.0
inet6 地址: fe80::d217:c2ff:feaa:11b8/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 躍點數:1
接收資料包:597503 錯誤:0 丟棄:0 過載:0 幀數:0
傳送資料包:123369 錯誤:0 丟棄:0 過載:0 載波:0
碰撞:0 傳送佇列長度:1000
接收位元組:608806060 (608.8 MB) 傳送位元組:11350655 (11.3 MB)
lo Link encap:本地環回
inet 地址:127.0.0.1 掩碼:255.0.0.0
inet6 地址: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 躍點數:1
接收資料包:2488 錯誤:0 丟棄:0 過載:0 幀數:0
傳送資料包:2488 錯誤:0 丟棄:0 過載:0 載波:0
碰撞:0 傳送佇列長度:0
接收位元組:259564 (259.5 KB) 傳送位元組:259564 (259.5 KB)
2)使用nm-tool來檢視檢視IP,閘道器,DNS
nm-tool
輸出結果為:
drew@ubun:~$ nm-tool
NetworkManager Tool
State: connected (global)
- Device : eth0 [有線連線 1] -----------------------------------------------
Type: Wired
Driver: r8169
State: connected
Default: yes
HW Address: D0:17:C2:AA:11:B8
Capabilities:
Carrier Detect: yes
Speed: 1000 Mb/s
Wired Properties
Carrier: on
IPv4 Settings:
Address: 10.0.4.33
Prefix: 19 (255.255.224.0)
Gateway: 10.0.0.1
DNS: 119.29.29.29
DNS: 119.28.28.28
3)檢視核心 IP 路由表
netstat -rn
輸出結果為:
drew@ubun:~$ netstat -rn
核心 IP 路由表
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
0.0.0.0 10.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.224.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
二、檢測網路狀態的完整測試過程
- 網路通訊的基本流程
路由器A ================================路由器B
| INTERNET |
| |
交換機A 交換機B
| | | |
| | | |
PC-A PC-B PC-C PC-D
其中,一般來說,路由器的LAN介面的IP地址就是你所在區域網中的閘道器,是連線內網和外網用的裝置。
- 網路通訊測試的基本流程
- ping 閘道器IP:檢測主機到閘道器之前是否能夠正常通訊
drew@ubun:~$ ping -c 3 10.0.0.1
PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.174 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.170 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.135 ms
--- 10.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.135/0.159/0.174/0.022 ms
- ping DNS域名伺服器,檢測能夠正常通訊,其中DNS地址通過上面&nm -tool已經能找到
drew@ubun:~$ ping -c 3 119.28.28.28
PING 119.28.28.28 (119.28.28.28) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 119.28.28.28: icmp_seq=1 ttl=44 time=38.6 ms
64 bytes from 119.28.28.28: icmp_seq=2 ttl=44 time=38.8 ms
64 bytes from 119.28.28.28: icmp_seq=3 ttl=44 time=38.6 ms
--- 119.28.28.28 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 38.627/38.704/38.810/0.239 ms
- ping 外網地址,檢測到能夠與外網正常通訊
drew@ubun:~$ ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (14.215.177.38) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 14.215.177.38: icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=5.95 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.38: icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=5.86 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.38: icmp_seq=3 ttl=56 time=5.73 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.38: icmp_seq=4 ttl=56 time=6.05 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.38: icmp_seq=5 ttl=56 time=8.03 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.38: icmp_seq=6 ttl=56 time=5.94 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
6 packets transmitted, 6 received, 0% packet loss, time 5007ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.738/6.265/8.034/0.799 ms
- 結果分析
- 當到閘道器之間ping不通,則更多的是主機到路由器連線的問題
- 當到DNS之間ping不通,則更多的是域名解析伺服器出現了問題
- 當到外網不通,而前面兩項都能夠ping通,則表面路由器與外網通訊存在問題