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leetcode 349:兩個陣列的交集I

Problem:

Given two arrays, write a function to compute their intersection.

中文:已知兩個陣列,寫一個函式來計算它們的交集

Example:

  • Given nums1 = [1, 2, 2, 1], nums2 = [2, 2],return [2, 2].

  • 已知nums1 = [1, 2, 2, 1], nums2 = [2, 2], return [2, 2].

Note:

  • Each element in the result should appear as many times as it shows in both arrays.
  • The result can be in any order.

  • (每個元素出現的次數與原來兩個陣列中重複的次數相同)

  • (陣列的元素可以是任意順序的)

Follow up:

  • What if the given array is already sorted? How would you optimize your algorithm?
  • What if nums1’s size is small compared to num2’s size? Which algorithm is better?
  • What if elements of nums2 are stored on disk, and the memory is limited such that you cannot load all elements into the memory at once?
  • 假如已知的陣列是有序的該如何優化演算法?
  • 假如陣列1的大小比陣列2要小該如何優化?
  • 假如陣列2的元素在磁碟上是排序好的,但是記憶體不能一次性容納這些元素,該怎麼做?

Solution:

Analysis:

  • 1.直接的想法:直接巢狀遍歷兩個陣列,遇到相同元素的就加入一個預定義好的陣列中。
    • 預定義的陣列長度是陣列1和陣列2中較小的一個。
    • 最後將該陣列有效的元素重新移植到新的一個數組中。
  • 2.修正1:得到的陣列可能有很多重複的元素。
    • 要再新增新元素到陣列中時檢查陣列中是否已經存在該元素。
    • 陣列會越界,所以要在新增前檢查元素個數是否超過了陣列長度。

Code in JAVA

public static int[] intersection(int[] a1, int[] a2) {
       int n = Math.min(a1.length, a2.length);
       int[] is = new int[n];
       int count = 0;
       for(int i = 0; i < a1.length; i++){
        int tmep = a1[i];
        for(int j = 0; j < a2.length; j++){
            if(tmep == a2[j]){
                boolean exist = false;
                for(int k = 0; k < count; k++){
                    if(is[k] == tmep){
                        exist = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if(count >= n){
                    break;
                }
                if(!exist){
                    is[count] = tmep;
                    count++;
                }

                break;
            }
        }
       }
       int[] itersection = new int[count];
       for(int i = 0; i < count; i++){
        itersection[i] = is[i];
       }

       return itersection;
}