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Java fori和foreach的效能差別

概述

fori和foreach的根本區別在於

  1. fori是通過下標訪問
  2. foreach是通過容器的itrator的next()方法來迭代

ArrayList:fori效能高於foreach

因為使用fori,是通過下標訪問:

public E get(int index) {
    if (index < 0 || index >= this.size)
      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
    if (ArrayList.this.modCount != this.modCount)
        throw
new ConcurrentModificationException(); return (E) ArrayList.this.elementData[offset + index]; }

而使用foreach,是通過iterator的next方法:

 public E next() {
    if (modCount != expectedModCount)
        throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
    int i = cursor;
    if (i >= limit)
        throw
new NoSuchElementException(); Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (i >= elementData.length) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); cursor = i + 1; return (E) elementData[lastRet = i]; }

我們可以看到,對於ArrayList來說,foreach需要做同步檢查,所以必然比fori要慢。

LinkedList:fori效能低於foreach

fori,通過下標:

public E get(int index) {
    checkElementIndex(index);
    return node(index).item;
}

//LinkedList是一個雙向連結串列,只需迭代一半
Node<E> node(int index) {
    // assert isElementIndex(index);

    if (index < (size >> 1)) {
        Node<E> x = first;
        for (int i = 0; i < index; i++)
            x = x.next;
        return x;
    } else {
        Node<E> x = last;
        for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--)
            x = x.prev;
        return x;
    }
}

foreach,通過迭代器:

public E next() {
    checkForComodification();
    if (!hasNext())
        throw new NoSuchElementException();

    lastReturned = next;
    next = next.next;
    nextIndex++;
    return lastReturned.item;
}

對於LinkedList,通過下標的話每次都要迭代一半的長度,而通過迭代器,每次迭代只需要移動一下指標。顯然foreach效能要高於fori