OSPF實驗記錄
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-03-28
p地址 運行 ppr int for received fib pro stand
R1配置
一、配置接口IP
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.0.0.1 255.255.255.252 [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [r1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 16.0.0.1 255.255.255.252 [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [r1]interface LoopBack0 [r1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 [r1-LoopBack0]quit <r1>display ip interface brief //查看接口IP信息 *down: administratively down !down: FIB overload down ^down: standby (l): loopback (s): spoofing (d): Dampening Suppressed The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4 The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 8 The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4 The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 8 Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol Ethernet0/0/0 unassigned down down Ethernet0/0/1 unassigned down down GigabitEthernet0/0/0 12.0.0.1/30 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/1 16.0.0.1/30 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down GigabitEthernet0/0/3 unassigned down down LoopBack0 1.1.1.1/32 up up(s)
二、配置OSPF協議,將區域網段發布出去
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
//將area 1區域中的接口網段發布出去,後面為反掩碼
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
//將環回口也發布出去,另一個接口是和R6相連接的,不需要進行發布,而且運行的是RIP協議
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]
三、指定router id
- 第一種方法
[r1]router id 1.1.1.1 //指定router id,全局,所有協議都會使用這個router id
- 第二種方法
[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 //只針對ospf指定router id
四、重啟OSPF進程,使router id生效
<r1>reset ospf 1 process
<r1>dis ospf brief //查看OSPF的一些信息
五、配置與R6間的RIP協議
[r1]rip
[r1-rip-1]version 2
[r1-rip-1]undo summary
[r1-rip-1]network 16.0.0.0
六、查看RIP協議
[r1-rip-1]dis ip routing-table protocol rip Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Public routing table : RIP Destinations : 1 Routes : 1 RIP routing table status : <Active> Destinations : 1 Routes : 1 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 6.6.6.6/32 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 RIP routing table status : <Inactive> Destinations : 0 Routes : 0 [r1-rip-1]
七、在R1進行一個路由引入的動作
- 1)把RIP路由引入到OSPF域
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]import-route rip 1 //把RIP引入到了OSPF,默認用的類型是type 2,即cost不累加
//在R3上通過<r3>dis ip routing-table 可以看到一條路由
6.6.6.6/32 O_ASE 150 1(這個1就是cost) D 23.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
cost值是1,並沒有累加,如果累加了應該是2
//再在R3上通過<r3>dis ospf routing 可以看到
Routing for ASEs
Destination Cost Type Tag NextHop AdvRouter
6.6.6.6/32 1 Type2 1 23.0.0.1 1.1.1.1
16.0.0.0/30 1 Type2 1 23.0.0.1 1.1.1.1
這裏的Type是2,說明剛才的import-route rip 1命令默認是使用的類型2,即cost值不會累加
重新在R1配置該命令如下
[r1-ospf-1]import-route rip 1 type 1 cost 5
//手動設置為類型1,且設置cost值為5,那麽經過R2到達R3 cost值應該變為了7
再在R3上通過<r3>dis ospf routing 來查看
Routing for ASEs
Destination Cost Type Tag NextHop AdvRouter
6.6.6.6/32 7 Type1 1 23.0.0.1 1.1.1.1
16.0.0.0/30 7 Type1 1 23.0.0.1 1.1.1.1
//驗證確實cost變為了7
- 2)同時也把OSPF的域引入到RIP
[r1]rip
[r1-rip-1]import-route ospf 1
[r1-rip-1]dis th
#
rip 1
undo summary
version 2
network 16.0.0.0
import-route ospf 1
#
導入路由完成後在R1查看路由表
[r1-rip-1]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 15 Routes : 15
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 2 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
4.4.4.4/32 OSPF 10 3 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
5.5.5.5/32 OSPF 10 4 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
6.6.6.6/32 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
12.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 12.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
12.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
16.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
16.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
23.0.0.0/30 OSPF 10 2 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
34.0.0.0/30 OSPF 10 3 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
45.0.0.0/30 OSPF 10 4 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
在R6查看路由表
<r6>dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 14 Routes : 14
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
1.1.1.1/32 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
2.2.2.2/32 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
3.3.3.3/32 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
4.4.4.4/32 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
5.5.5.5/32 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
6.6.6.6/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
12.0.0.0/30 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
16.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 16.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
16.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
23.0.0.0/30 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
34.0.0.0/30 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
45.0.0.0/30 RIP 100 1 D 16.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
<r6>ping 5.5.5.5 //測試從R6ping R5的環回口IP地址
PING 5.5.5.5: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=160 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=170 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=110 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=120 ms
Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=170 ms
--- 5.5.5.5 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 110/146/170 ms
<r5>ping 6.6.6.6 //再從R5ping R6的環回口IP地址
PING 6.6.6.6: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=160 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=160 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=120 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=110 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=160 ms
--- 6.6.6.6 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 110/142/160 ms
※備註
-
1、RID的選舉,即router id的選舉
一般默認從環回口選擇一個最大的,如果環回口沒有地址,就會從物理口選個最大的;
建議手動指定router id,這樣心裏有數,便於排錯; - 2、DR的選舉
在一個以太網裏面router id大的是DR,第二大的是BDR;
在現網中也不會去關心,讓他自己去選舉就可以了;
R2配置
一、接口IP
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 12.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 23.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
#
二、OSPF配置,指定router id,發布網段
[r2]ospf 10 router-id 2.2.2.2
//進程號多少無所謂,只有本地意義,這裏使用的是10,同時指定router id
[r2-ospf-10]area 1
[r2-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r2-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[r2-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]network 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
R3配置
一、接口IP
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 23.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 34.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
#
二、OSPF配置,指定router id,發布網段
[r3]ospf 10 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-10]area 1
[r3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]network 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]q
[r3-ospf-10]area 0
[r3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 //環回口也可以放到區域1中
R4配置
一、接口IP
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 34.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 45.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
#
二、OSPF配置,指定router id,發布網段
[r4]ospf 10 router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-ospf-10]area 0
[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r4-ospf-10]area 2
[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]network 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]
三、查看OSPF的鄰接關系
[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]return //直接回到用戶視圖
<r4>display ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 4.4.4.4
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 3.3.3.3 Full
0.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 5.5.5.5 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//可以看到R4的鄰接關系有3和5
四、查看OSPF接口的信息
<r4>dis ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 4.4.4.4
Interfaces
Interface: 34.0.0.2 (GigabitEthernet0/0/0)
Cost: 1 State: BDR Type: Broadcast MTU: 1500
Priority: 1
Designated Router: 34.0.0.1
Backup Designated Router: 34.0.0.2
Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll 120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1
關於上面的Cost:1的理解
OSPF協議是使用的帶寬來作為度量值的,100M除以接口得到的帶寬,
這裏試驗中應該是100M/1G得到的應該是一個小數,但是度量值不可能是一個小數,最小就是1;
這樣導致接口是10G、1G、100M,得出的度量值都是1,不能真正區分出鏈路的優劣!
解決辦法:
1、更改參考帶寬的值,即將100M改為10G,或者100G,然後用更改後的值來除以接口,
但是需要在自治系統裏的所有設備上進行更改,工作量巨大;
2、現網中一般采取直接給接口配置cost值;
如:
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
ospf cost 10
//流量從cost小的走
R5配置
一、接口IP
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 45.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255
#
二、OSPF配置,指定router id,發布網段
[r5]ospf 10 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-10]area 2
[r5-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]network 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r5-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0
三、查看OSPF的鄰接關系
[r5]display ospf peer brief //查看OSPF的鄰接關系
OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 5.5.5.5
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 4.4.4.4 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//可以看到R5的鄰接關系只有一個4
四、查看路由表,都學習到了
<r4>dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 13 Routes : 13
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 3 D 34.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 2 D 34.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 1 D 34.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
4.4.4.4/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
5.5.5.5/32 OSPF 10 1 D 45.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
12.0.0.0/30 OSPF 10 3 D 34.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
23.0.0.0/30 OSPF 10 2 D 34.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
34.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 34.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
34.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
45.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 45.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
45.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
R6配置
一、啟用RIP
[r6]rip
[r6-rip-1]version 2 //啟用版本2
[r6-rip-1]undo summary //關閉自動匯總
[r6-rip-1]network 6.0.0.0 //宣告自己的網段,只能宣告有類網段
[r6-rip-1]network 16.0.0.0
OSPF實驗記錄