guessage.py中內容
"""
猜年齡遊戲：
允許用戶最多猜三次，猜了三次後，詢問是都繼續玩，如果輸入Y，可以繼續猜三次，否則退出
"""
age = 23
count = 0
while count < 3:
    try:
        guess_age = int(input("input the age of you think:"))
    except ValueError:
        print("you should input one number!")
        count = count + 1
        continue

    if guess_age > 23:
        print("the age you input is too big!")
    elif guess_age < 23:
        print("the age you input is too small!")
    else:
        print("excellent!you are right!")
        break
    count = count + 1
    while count == 3:
        your_choice = input("you only have three chances,would you like to continue(Y|y/N|n):")
        if your_choice.lower() == "y":
            count = 0
        elif your_choice.lower() =="n":
            break
        else:
            print("your input is illegal!input again!")
 

"正確的程序運行代碼"
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
import shutil
shutil.copyfileobj(open("guessage.py","r",encoding="utf-8"),open("guessage_new.py","w",encoding="utf-8",10))

E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py

Process finished with exit code 0
 

"不加編碼時，有報錯信息"
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
import shutil
shutil.copyfileobj(open("guessage.py","r"),open("guessage_new.py","w"))

E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py", line 5, in <module>
    shutil.copyfileobj(open("guessage.py","r"),open("guessage_new.py","w"))
  File "D:\software2\Python3\install\lib\shutil.py", line 79, in copyfileobj
    buf = fsrc.read(length)
UnicodeDecodeError: ‘gbk‘ codec can‘t decode byte 0xae in position 29: illegal multibyte sequence

Process finished with exit code 1
 

guessage_new.py
"""
猜年齡遊戲：
允許用戶最多猜三次，猜了三次後，詢問是都繼續玩，如果輸入Y，可以繼續猜三次，否則退出
"""
age = 23
count = 0
while count < 3:
    try:
        guess_age = int(input("input the age of you think:"))
    except ValueError:
        print("you should input one number!")
        count = count + 1
        continue

    if guess_age > 23:
        print("the age you input is too big!")
    elif guess_age < 23:
        print("the age you input is too small!")
    else:
        print("excellent!you are right!")
        break
    count = count + 1
    while count == 3:
        your_choice = input("you only have three chances,would you like to continue(Y|y/N|n):")
        if your_choice.lower() == "y":
            count = 0
        elif your_choice.lower() =="n":
            break
        else:
            print("your input is illegal!input again!")

• shutil.copyfile(src, dst)拷貝文件

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
import shutil
shutil.copyfile("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")#目標文件無需存在
print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py"))
print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py"))

E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py
guessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381)
guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=7881299347900196, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1557104769, st_mtime=1557104769, st_ctime=1557104769)

Process finished with exit code 0

• shutil.copymode(src, dst)僅拷貝權限。內容、組、用戶均不變

"程序代碼"
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
import shutil
shutil.copymode("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")#目標文件必須存在
#目標文件不存在時
E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py", line 5, in <module>
    shutil.copymode("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")
  File "D:\software2\Python3\install\lib\shutil.py", line 144, in copymode
    chmod_func(dst, stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode))
FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] 系統找不到指定的文件。: ‘guessage_new.py‘

Process finished with exit code 1
#新建一個文件guessage_new.py，內容為空，再運行程序
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
import shutil
import os
shutil.copymode("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")
print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py"))
print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py"))

E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py
guessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381)
guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=2533274790397796, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=61, st_atime=1557104202, st_mtime=1557104202, st_ctime=1557104202)

Process finished with exit code 0

• shutil.copystat(src, dst)僅拷貝狀態的信息，包括：mode bits, atime, mtime, flags

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
import shutil
import os
shutil.copystat("guessage.py","guessage_new.py") #目標文件必須存在
print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py"))
print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py"))

E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py
guessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381)
guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=2814749767108452, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=61, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1557104576)

Process finished with exit code 0

• shutil.copy(src, dst)拷貝文件和權限

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
import shutil
import os
shutil.copy("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")#目標文件可以不存在
print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py"))
print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py"))

E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py
guessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381)
guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=6473924464346978, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1557104716, st_mtime=1557104716, st_ctime=1557104716)

Process finished with exit code 0

• shutil.copy2(src, dst)拷貝文件和狀態信息

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
import shutil
import os
shutil.copy2("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")
print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py"))
print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py"))

E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py
guessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381)
guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=7318349394478946, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1557104918)

Process finished with exit code 0

• shutil.ignore_patterns(*patterns)
• shutil.copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None)遞歸的去拷貝文件夾

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
import shutil
import os

# 目標目錄不能存在，註意對folder2目錄父級目錄要有可寫權限，ignore的意思是排除
shutil.copytree(‘ee‘, ‘new_ee‘, ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns(‘*.pyc‘, ‘tmp*‘))
print(os.listdir("ee"))
print(os.listdir("new_ee"))

E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py
[‘eee‘]
[‘eee‘]

Process finished with exit code 0

• shutil.rmtree(path[, ignore_errors[, onerror]])遞歸的去刪除文件

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
import shutil
import os

shutil.rmtree(‘new_ee‘)
print(os.listdir("ee"))
print(os.listdir("new_ee"))

E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
[‘eee‘]
  File "E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py", line 10, in <module>
    print(os.listdir("new_ee"))
FileNotFoundError: [WinError 3] 系統找不到指定的路徑。: ‘new_ee‘

Process finished with exit code 1

• shutil.move(src, dst)遞歸的去移動文件，它類似mv命令，其實就是重命名。

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
import shutil
import os

shutil.move(‘ee‘,‘new_ee‘)
print(os.listdir("ee"))#move之後，源文件就不存在了
print(os.listdir("new_ee"))

E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py", line 9, in <module>
    print(os.listdir("ee"))
FileNotFoundError: [WinError 3] 系統找不到指定的路徑。: ‘ee‘

Process finished with exit code 1

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
import shutil
import os
shutil.move(‘new_ee‘,‘mkdir‘) #可以移到另一個文件夾中
print(os.listdir("mkdir"))

E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py
[‘new_ee‘]

Process finished with exit code 0

• shutil.make_archive(base_name, format,...)創建壓縮包並返回文件路徑，例如：zip、tar

base_name： 壓縮包的文件名，也可以是壓縮包的路徑。只是文件名時，則保存至當前目錄，否則保存至指定路徑，
如 data_bak =>保存至當前路徑
如：/tmp/data_bak =>保存至/tmp/

format： 壓縮包種類，“zip”, “tar”, “bztar”，“gztar”
root_dir： 要壓縮的文件夾路徑（默認當前目錄）
owner： 用戶，默認當前用戶
group： 組，默認當前組
logger： 用於記錄日誌，通常是logging.Logger對象

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
import shutil
#將 test2 下的文件打包放置當前程序目錄
import shutil
import os
ret = shutil.make_archive("test2_bak", ‘gztar‘, root_dir=‘test2‘)#目標的壓縮包可以是已經存在的
print(os.listdir())
#將 test2下的文件打包放置 mkdir目錄
import shutil
ret = shutil.make_archive("mkdir/test2_bak", ‘gztar‘, root_dir=‘test2‘)
print(os.listdir("mkdir"))

E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py
[‘.idea‘, ‘guessage.py‘, ‘guessage_new.py‘, ‘mkdir‘, ‘requirements.txt‘, ‘test.py‘, ‘test2‘, ‘test2_bak.tar.gz‘, ‘__pycache__‘, ‘寫文件.txt‘, ‘寫文件.txt.tmp‘, ‘格式化.py‘, ‘猜年齡的遊戲.jpg‘, ‘讀文件.txt‘]
[‘new_ee‘, ‘test2_bak.tar.gz‘]

Process finished with exit code 0

shutil 對壓縮包的處理是調用 ZipFile 和 TarFile 兩個模塊來進行的，詳細：
zipfile壓縮&解壓縮
import zipfile

# 壓縮
z = zipfile.ZipFile(‘laxi.zip‘, ‘w‘)
z.write(‘a.log‘)
z.write(‘data.data‘)
z.close()

# 解壓
z = zipfile.ZipFile(‘laxi.zip‘, ‘r‘)
z.extractall(path=‘.‘)
z.close()

tarfile壓縮&解壓縮
import tarfile

# 壓縮，egon.tar這個壓縮包可以是不存在的，並且可對文件夾遞歸放到壓縮包中
>>> t=tarfile.open(‘/tmp/egon.tar‘,‘w‘)
>>> t.add(‘/test1/a.py‘,arcname=‘a.bak‘)
>>> t.add(‘/test1/b.py‘,arcname=‘b.bak‘)
>>> t.close()

# 解壓
>>> t=tarfile.open(‘/tmp/egon.tar‘,‘r‘)
>>> t.extractall(‘/egon‘)
>>> t.close()

shutil模塊-高級的文件、文件夾、壓縮包處理模塊