1. 程式人生 > >8天入門docker系列 —— 第七天 讓你的container實現跨主機訪問

8天入門docker系列 —— 第七天 讓你的container實現跨主機訪問

       

         當你有若干個容器之後,你可能就希望實現容器的跨機部署訪問了,比如aspnetcore在一臺host上,mysql在另外一個host上,如果要實現這樣的功能,需要你

藉助docker自帶的overlay網路模型了。

 

一: overlay網路模型

        要想快速的搭建overlay網路,你可以通過docker預設的swarm叢集給你預設生成的名ingress的overlay網路,這樣會預設開放一些埠供底層機器內的訪問,比如:

UDP 4789 是用於overlay network 流量傳輸的,作為開發角度,你只需要知道這是一個基於底層物理網路構建出的一個上層虛擬網路,而你的程式都是跑在這個虛擬網

絡上,如果要畫圖,大概就是這樣吧!

 

二:通過docker swarm構建overlay網路

      為了構建overlay網路,需要備有兩臺機器(使用虛擬機器即可):

192.168.23.146  manager
192.168.23.147  worker

 

     使用起來很簡單,在 146機器上執行 docker swarm init 初始化一個叢集,同時默認了該機作為 cluster 的manager節點。

[root@manager ~]# docker swarm init
Swarm initialized: current node (g0o8vkgzruv63hsx4pkjs0yfk) is now a manager.

To add a worker to this swarm, run the following command:

    docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-0oxo6qrxwvl8xlneq0jqz2zd87nkj7c0vyf1h9m8kcj3qbzd4v-3eu9zb5athq0s2n79rncbejb1 192.168.23.146:2377

To add a manager to this swarm, run 'docker swarm join-token manager' and follow the instructions.

[root@manager ~]# docker node ls
ID                            HOSTNAME            STATUS              AVAILABILITY        MANAGER STATUS      ENGINE VERSION
g0o8vkgzruv63hsx4pkjs0yfk *   manager             Ready               Active              Leader              18.09.6
[root@manager ~]# 

   

       當執行完init之後,通過node ls 可以看到,當前cluster叢集中只有一個node節點,而且還是Leader,同時docker還告訴我們怎麼將其他node加入到叢集中作為

worker節點,驗證方式是token,好了,那我可以將這段output copy到 147 的 shell上。

[root@worker ~]#  docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-0oxo6qrxwvl8xlneq0jqz2zd87nkj7c0vyf1h9m8kcj3qbzd4v-3eu9zb5athq0s2n79rncbejb1 192.168.23.146:2377
This node joined a swarm as a worker.

 

      最後通過在 146 上執行 docker node ls 看一下叢集資訊,可以看到146,147都在一個叢集了。

[root@manager ~]# docker node ls
ID                            HOSTNAME            STATUS              AVAILABILITY        MANAGER STATUS      ENGINE VERSION
g0o8vkgzruv63hsx4pkjs0yfk *   manager             Ready               Active              Leader              18.09.6
ojjngean30orjzswh72o25rsr     worker              Ready               Active                                  18.09.6

     

     接下來再看一下,4789埠是否開放了,同時看一下ingress的overlay是否開啟了,如下:

[root@manager ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
f5fbe8d71b5a        bridge              bridge              local
91cfc77a3c7f        docker_gwbridge     bridge              local
ac4a48a43517        host                host                local
5eux1lz4yom7        ingress             overlay             swarm
02f9bfe179ca        none                null                local
[root@manager ~]# netstat -tlnpu
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      4854/sshd           
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5523/master         
tcp6       0      0 :::2377                 :::*                    LISTEN      6349/dockerd        
tcp6       0      0 :::7946                 :::*                    LISTEN      6349/dockerd        
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      4854/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      5523/master         
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:47160           0.0.0.0:*                           4549/avahi-daemon:  
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68              0.0.0.0:*                           4649/dhclient       
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:123             0.0.0.0:*                           4555/chronyd        
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:323           0.0.0.0:*                           4555/chronyd        
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:4789            0.0.0.0:*                           -                   
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5353            0.0.0.0:*                           4549/avahi-daemon:  
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:26134           0.0.0.0:*                           4649/dhclient       
udp6       0      0 :::123                  :::*                                4555/chronyd        
udp6       0      0 ::1:323                 :::*                                4555/chronyd        
udp6       0      0 :::47743                :::*                                4649/dhclient       
udp6       0      0 :::7946                 :::*                                6349/dockerd  

  

     預設名為ingress 的overlay driver是預設是不支援standalone容器加入的,所以我需要重新new一個overlay,並設定一下允許standalone容器加入此網路,好了,

說幹就幹,new了一個 test-net的overlay網路,通過--attachable 開啟附加功能。

[root@manager ~]# docker network create --driver=overlay --attachable test-net
dajh2glpfattdnq2ahqchlhur
[root@manager ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
f5fbe8d71b5a        bridge              bridge              local
91cfc77a3c7f        docker_gwbridge     bridge              local
ac4a48a43517        host                host                local
5eux1lz4yom7        ingress             overlay             swarm
02f9bfe179ca        none                null                local
dajh2glpfatt        test-net            overlay             swarm

 

三:python 跨機連線 redis

     我準備把redis放在147機器上, python application 放在 146上,python 通過 對方的容器名(some-redis) 進行連線,如下圖所示:

 

 

1. 在147上執行docker run時附加 network 為指定的 test-net 網路

[root@worker ~]# docker run --network test-net --name some-redis -d redis
eca08e67e35160661e090ca42a61dacaee5dd8ca99f8e9c25e59ae6927d66328

 

2. python應用程式

主要有三個部分,app.py, Dockerfile, requirements.txt。

《1》 app.py

      下面要注意的是,在redis的建構函式中指定了host= some-redis ,也就是 147啟動容器名。

from flask import Flask
from redis import Redis, RedisError
import os
import socket

# Connect to Redis
redis = Redis(host="some-redis", db=0, socket_connect_timeout=2, socket_timeout=2)

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    try:
        visits = redis.incr("counter")
    except RedisError:
        visits = "<i>cannot connect to Redis, counter disabled</i>"

    html = "<b>Hostname:</b> {hostname}<br/>" \
           "<b>Visits:</b> {visits}"
    return html.format(hostname=socket.gethostname(), visits=visits)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=80)

 

《2》 Flask 和 Redis 依賴包 (requirements.txt)

Flask
Redis

 

《3》 最後就是dockerfile

FROM python:2.7-slim

WORKDIR /app

COPY . .

EXPOSE 80

RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org -r requirements.txt

VOLUME [ "/app" ]

CMD [ "python", "app.py" ]

 

有了這三個,接下來就可以構建image了。

[root@manager app]# docker build -t pyweb:v1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  4.608kB
Step 1/7 : FROM python:2.7-slim
2.7-slim: Pulling from library/python
fc7181108d40: Already exists 
8c60b810a35a: Pull complete 
d207b275197c: Pull complete 
63184f224d60: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:1405fa2f8e9a232e2f60cafbb2b06ca2f1e0f577f4b4c397c361d6dba59fd24e
Status: Downloaded newer image for python:2.7-slim
 ---> ca96bab3e2aa
Step 2/7 : WORKDIR /app
 ---> Running in 6b8324c10dc0
Removing intermediate container 6b8324c10dc0
 ---> a85fb403c57b
Step 3/7 : COPY . .
 ---> f13015df5bf7
Step 4/7 : EXPOSE 80
 ---> Running in 408a718df2b4
Removing intermediate container 408a718df2b4
 ---> 39d30c3a092d
Step 5/7 : RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org -r requirements.txt
 ---> Running in 0ee0982739d5
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7.
Collecting Flask (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c3/31/6904ac846fc65a7fa6cac8b4ddc392ce96ca08ee67b0f97854e9575bbb26/Flask-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (94kB)
Collecting Redis (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ac/a7/cff10cc5f1180834a3ed564d148fb4329c989cbb1f2e196fc9a10fa07072/redis-3.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (65kB)
Collecting Jinja2>=2.10.1 (from Flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1d/e7/fd8b501e7a6dfe492a433deb7b9d833d39ca74916fa8bc63dd1a4947a671/Jinja2-2.10.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (124kB)
Collecting click>=5.1 (from Flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/37/45185cb5abbc30d7257104c434fe0b07e5a195a6847506c074527aa599ec/Click-7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (81kB)
Collecting Werkzeug>=0.15 (from Flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9f/57/92a497e38161ce40606c27a86759c6b92dd34fcdb33f64171ec559257c02/Werkzeug-0.15.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (327kB)
Collecting itsdangerous>=0.24 (from Flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/76/ae/44b03b253d6fade317f32c24d100b3b35c2239807046a4c953c7b89fa49e/itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23 (from Jinja2>=2.10.1->Flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fb/40/f3adb7cf24a8012813c5edb20329eb22d5d8e2a0ecf73d21d6b85865da11/MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
Installing collected packages: MarkupSafe, Jinja2, click, Werkzeug, itsdangerous, Flask, Redis
Successfully installed Flask-1.1.0 Jinja2-2.10.1 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 Redis-3.2.1 Werkzeug-0.15.4 click-7.0 itsdangerous-1.1.0
Removing intermediate container 0ee0982739d5
 ---> 704e7d655494
Step 6/7 : VOLUME [ "/app" ]
 ---> Running in 0c4ad68db249
Removing intermediate container 0c4ad68db249
 ---> 5b0ce6eef187
Step 7/7 : CMD [ "python", "app.py" ]
 ---> Running in 388d972cbd6d
Removing intermediate container 388d972cbd6d
 ---> fd7a0ffca7fc
Successfully built fd7a0ffca7fc
Successfully tagged pyweb:v1
[root@manager app]# docker run -d --network test-net -p 80:80 -v /app:/app --name pyapp pyweb:v1
9d419507b00adddd003f8e45580ec1ee48d4a0347091b65da1bc183a8bbe1dc2
[root@manager app]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
9d419507b00a        pyweb:v1            "python app.py"     4 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   pyapp
[root@manager app]# 

 

     然後訪問一下  http://192.168.23.146,每重新整理一下page,都會執行一次redis.incr操作。,這樣就實現了多容器之間的跨機器訪問,大家也可以把這些放到

docker-compose檔案中哦。

 

 

 好了,本篇就說到這裡,希望對你有幫助。