30個關於Shell指令碼的經典案例(上)
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-09-06
對於初學者而言,因為沒有實戰經驗,寫不出來Shell指令碼很正常,如果工作了幾年的運維老年還是寫不出來,那就是沒主動找需求,缺乏練習,缺乏經驗。針對以上問題,總結了30個生產環境中經典的Shell指令碼,通過這些需求案例,希望能幫助大家提升Shell編寫思路,掌握編寫技巧。 |
先了解下編寫Shell過程中注意事項:
開頭加直譯器:#!/bin/bash 語法縮排,使用四個空格;多加註釋說明。 命名建議規則:變數名大寫、區域性變數小寫,函式名小寫,名字體現出實際作用。 預設變數是全域性的,在函式中變數local指定為區域性變數,避免汙染其他作用域。 有兩個命令能幫助我除錯指令碼:set -e 遇到執行非0時退出指令碼,set-x 列印執行過程。 寫指令碼一定先測試再到生產上。
1、獲取隨機字串或數字
獲取隨機8位字串: 方法1: # echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8 471b94f2 方法2: # openssl rand -base64 4 vg3BEg== 方法3: # cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid |cut -c 1-8 ed9e032c 獲取隨機8位數字: 方法1: # echo $RANDOM |cksum |cut -c 1-8 23648321 方法2: # openssl rand -base64 4 |cksum |cut -c 1-8 38571131 方法3: # date +%N |cut -c 1-8 69024815 cksum:列印CRC效驗和統計位元組
2、定義一個顏色輸出字串函式
方法1: function echo_color() { if [ $1 == "green" ]; then echo -e "\033[32;40m$2\033[0m" elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then echo -e "\033[31;40m$2\033[0m" fi } 方法2: function echo_color() { case $1 in green) echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m" ;; red) echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m" ;; *) echo "Example: echo_color red string" esac } 使用方法:echo_color green "test" function關鍵字定義一個函式,可加或不加。
3、批量建立使用者
#!/bin/bash DATE=$(date +%F_%T) USER_FILE=user.txt echo_color(){ if [ $1 == "green" ]; then echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m" elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m" fi } # 如果使用者檔案存在並且大小大於0就備份 if [ -s $USER_FILE ]; then mv $USER_FILE ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak echo_color green "$USER_FILE exist, rename ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak" fi echo -e "User Password" >> $USER_FILE echo "----------------" >> $USER_FILE for USER in user{1..10}; do if ! id $USER &>/dev/null; then PASS=$(echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8) useradd $USER echo $PASS |passwd --stdin $USER &>/dev/null echo -e "$USER $PASS" >> $USER_FILE echo "$USER User create successful." else echo_color red "$USER User already exists!" fi done
4、檢查軟體包是否安裝
#!/bin/bash if rpm -q sysstat &>/dev/null; then echo "sysstat is already installed." else echo "sysstat is not installed!" fi
5、檢查服務狀態
#!/bin/bash PORT_C=$(ss -anu |grep -c 123) PS_C=$(ps -ef |grep ntpd |grep -vc grep) if [ $PORT_C -eq 0 -o $PS_C -eq 0 ]; then echo "內容" | mail -s "主題" [email protected] fi
6、檢查主機存活狀態
方法1:將錯誤IP放到數組裡面判斷是否ping失敗三次 #!/bin/bash IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2" for IP in $IP_LIST; do NUM=1 while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do if ping -c 1 $IP > /dev/null; then echo "$IP Ping is successful." break else # echo "$IP Ping is failure $NUM" FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP let NUM++ fi done if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ];then echo "${FAIL_COUNT[1]} Ping is failure!" unset FAIL_COUNT[*] fi done 方法2:將錯誤次數放到FAIL_COUNT變數裡面判斷是否ping失敗三次 #!/bin/bash IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2" for IP in $IP_LIST; do FAIL_COUNT=0 for ((i=1;i< =3;i++)); do if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then echo "$IP Ping is successful." break else # echo "$IP Ping is failure $i" let FAIL_COUNT++ fi done if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then echo "$IP Ping is failure!" fi done 方法3:利用for迴圈將ping通就跳出迴圈繼續,如果不跳出就會走到列印ping失敗 #!/bin/bash ping_success_status() { if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then echo "$IP Ping is successful." continue fi } IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2" for IP in $IP_LIST; do ping_success_status ping_success_status ping_success_status echo "$IP Ping is failure!" done
7、監控CPU、記憶體和硬碟利用率
1)CPU 藉助vmstat工具來分析CPU統計資訊。 #!/bin/bash DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M) IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F [ :]+ /inet addr/{print $4} ) # 只支援CentOS6 MAIL="[email protected]" if ! which vmstat &>/dev/null; then echo "vmstat command no found, Please install procps package." exit 1 fi US=$(vmstat |awk NR==3{print $13} ) SY=$(vmstat |awk NR==3{print $14} ) IDLE=$(vmstat |awk NR==3{print $15} ) WAIT=$(vmstat |awk NR==3{print $16} ) USE=$(($US+$SY)) if [ $USE -ge 50 ]; then echo " Date: $DATE Host: $IP Problem: CPU utilization $USE " | mail -s "CPU Monitor" $MAIL fi 2)記憶體 #!/bin/bash DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M) IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F [ :]+ /inet addr/{print $4} ) MAIL="[email protected]" TOTAL=$(free -m |awk /Mem/{print $2} ) USE=$(free -m |awk /Mem/{print $3-$6-$7} ) FREE=$(($TOTAL-$USE)) # 記憶體小於1G傳送報警郵件 if [ $FREE -lt 1024 ]; then echo " Date: $DATE Host: $IP Problem: Total=$TOTAL,Use=$USE,Free=$FREE " | mail -s "Memory Monitor" $MAIL fi 3)硬碟 #!/bin/bash DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M) IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F [ :]+ /inet addr/{print $4} ) MAIL="[email protected]" TOTAL=$(fdisk -l |awk -F [: ]+ BEGIN{OFS="="}/^Disk /dev/{printf "%s=%sG,",$2,$3} ) PART_USE=$(df -h |awk BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $1,int($5),$6} ) for i in $PART_USE; do PART=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f1) USE=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f2) MOUNT=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f3) if [ $USE -gt 80 ]; then echo " Date: $DATE Host: $IP Total: $TOTAL Problem: $PART=$USE($MOUNT) " | mail -s "Disk Monitor" $MAIL fi done
8、批量主機磁碟利用率監控
前提監控端和被監控端SSH免互動登入或者金鑰登入。 寫一個配置檔案儲存被監控主機SSH連線資訊,檔案內容格式:IP User Port #!/bin/bash HOST_INFO=host.info for IP in $(awk /^[^#]/{print $1} $HOST_INFO); do USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP ip==$1{print $2} $HOST_INFO) PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP ip==$1{print $3} $HOST_INFO) TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP df -h > $TMP_FILE USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $1,int($5)} $TMP_FILE) for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*} USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=} if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!" fi done done
9、檢查網站可用性
1)檢查URL可用性 方法1: check_url() { HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1) if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!" fi } 方法2: check_url() { if ! wget -T 10 --tries=1 --spider $1 >/dev/null 2>&1; then #-T超時時間,--tries嘗試1次,--spider爬蟲模式 echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!" fi } 使用方法:check_url www.baidu.com 2)判斷三次URL可用性 思路與上面檢查主機存活狀態一樣。 方法1:利用迴圈技巧,如果成功就跳出當前迴圈,否則執行到最後一行 #!/bin/bash check_url() { HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1) if [ $HTTP_CODE -eq 200 ]; then continue fi } URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com" for URL in $URL_LIST; do check_url $URL check_url $URL check_url $URL echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!" done 方法2:錯誤次數儲存到變數 #!/bin/bash URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com" for URL in $URL_LIST; do FAIL_COUNT=0 for ((i=1;i< =3;i++)); do HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL) if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then let FAIL_COUNT++ else break fi done if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!" fi done 方法3:錯誤次數儲存到陣列 #!/bin/bash URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com" for URL in $URL_LIST; do NUM=1 while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL) if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP #建立陣列,以$NUM下標,$IP元素 let NUM++ else break fi done if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ]; then echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!" unset FAIL_COUNT[*] #清空陣列 fi done
10、檢查MySQL主從同步狀態
#!/bin/bash USER=bak PASSWD=123456 IO_SQL_STATUS=$(mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWD -e show slave statusG |awk -F: /Slave_.*_Running/{gsub(": ",":");print $0} ) #gsub去除冒號後面的空格 for i in $IO_SQL_STATUS; do THREAD_STATUS_NAME=${i%:*} THREAD_STATUS=${i#*:} if [ "$THREAD_STATUS" != "Yes" ]; then echo "Error: MySQL Master-Slave $THREAD_STATUS_NAME status is $THREAD_STATUS!" fi done
動手練一練,讓你的Shell功底上升一個段位!