Java中NIO及基礎實現
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-10-17
NIO:同步非阻塞IO
來源:BIO是同步阻塞IO操作,當執行緒在處理任務時,另一方會阻塞著等待該執行緒的執行完畢,為了提高效率,,JDK1.4後,引入NIO來提升資料的通訊效能
NIO中採用Reactor設計模式,註冊的匯集點為Selector,NIO有三個主要組成部分:Channel(通道)、Buffer(緩衝區)、Selector(選擇器)
Reactor設計模式:Reactor模式是一種被動事件處理模式,即當某個特定事件發生時觸發事件,可參考,https://blog.csdn.net/feimataxue/article/details/7642638,https://www.cnblogs.com/bitkevin/p/5724410.html
NIO採用了輪詢的方式來觀察事件是否執行完畢,如:A讓B列印某個檔案,BIO會一直等待著B返回,期間自己不做其他事情,而NIO則會不斷的詢問B是否完成,未完成則處理自己的時,直至B完成
Channel(通道):Channel是一個物件,可以通過它讀取和寫入資料
Selector(物件選擇器): Selector是一個物件,它可以註冊到很多個Channel上,監聽各個Channel上發生的事件,並且能夠根據事件情況決定Channel讀寫
程式碼實現:(此實現參考網路上可用的例子)
NIO客戶端實現:
package com.learn.nio.client; import com.study.info.HostInfo; import com.study.util.InputUtil; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel; public class NIOEchoClient { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ SocketChannel clientChannel = SocketChannel.open(); clientChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(HostInfo.HOST_NAME,HostInfo.PORT)); ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(50); boolean flag = true; while (flag){ buffer.clear(); String input = InputUtil.getString("請輸入待發送的資訊:").trim(); buffer.put(input.getBytes()); //將資料存入緩衝區 buffer.flip(); // 重置緩衝區 clientChannel.write(buffer); //傳送資料 buffer.clear(); int read = clientChannel.read(buffer); buffer.flip(); System.err.print(new String(buffer.array(), 0, read)); if("byebye".equalsIgnoreCase(input)){ flag = false; } } clientChannel.close(); } }
NIO服務端實現:
package com.learn.nio.server; import com.study.info.HostInfo; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey; import java.nio.channels.Selector; import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel; import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Set; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class NIOEchoServer { private static class EchoClientHandle implements Runnable { //客戶端 private SocketChannel clientChannel; // 迴圈結束標記 private boolean flag = true; public EchoClientHandle(SocketChannel clientChannel){ this.clientChannel = clientChannel; } @Override public void run() { ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(50); try { while (this.flag){ byteBuffer.clear(); int read = this.clientChannel.read(byteBuffer); String msg = new String(byteBuffer.array(), 0, read).trim(); String outMsg = "【Echo】" + msg + "\n"; // 迴應資訊 if("byebve".equals(msg)){ outMsg = "會話結束,下次再見!"; this.flag = false; } byteBuffer.clear(); byteBuffer.put(outMsg.getBytes()); //回傳資訊放入緩衝區 byteBuffer.flip(); this.clientChannel.write(byteBuffer);// 回傳資訊 } }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ // 為了效能問題及響應時間,設定固定大小的執行緒池 ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); // NIO基於Channel控制,所以有Selector管理所有的Channel ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open(); // 設定為非阻塞模式 serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false); // 設定監聽埠 serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(HostInfo.PORT)); // 設定Selector管理所有Channel Selector selector = Selector.open(); // 註冊並設定連線時處理 serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT); System.out.println("服務啟動成功,監聽埠為:" + HostInfo.PORT); // NIO使用輪詢,當有請求連線時,則啟動一個執行緒 int keySelect = 0; while ((keySelect = selector.select()) > 0){ Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys(); Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selectionKeys.iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()){ SelectionKey next = iterator.next(); if(next.isAcceptable()){ // 如果是連線的 SocketChannel accept = serverSocketChannel.accept(); if(accept != null){ executorService.submit(new EchoClientHandle(accept)); } iterator.remove(); } } } executorService.shutdown(); serverSocketChannel.close(); } }
工具類:
package com.study.util; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; public class InputUtil { private static final BufferedReader KEYBOARD_INPUT = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); private InputUtil(){ } public static String getString(String prompt){ boolean flag = true; //資料接受標記 String str = null; while (flag){ System.out.println(prompt); try { str = KEYBOARD_INPUT.readLine(); // 讀取一行資料 if(str == null || "".equals(str)){ System.out.println("資料輸入錯誤,不允許為空!"); }else { flag = false; } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return str; } }
package com.study.info; public calss HostInfo { public static final String HOST_NAME = "localhost"; public static final int PORT = 9999; }
NIO結構參考文章: https://www.cnblogs.com/sxkgeek/p/9488703.html#_label2
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