Spring Boot Mail 實現郵件傳送
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-11-01
此 demo 主要演示了 Spring Boot 如何整合郵件功能，包括髮送簡單文字郵件。
郵件服務在開發中非常常見，比如用郵件註冊賬號、郵件作為找回密碼的途徑、用於訂閱內容定期郵件推送等等，下面就簡單的介紹下郵件實現方式。
程式碼實現
1.pom.xml依賴
<dependencies> <!-- Spring Boot 郵件依賴 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
2.application.yml配置
spring: mail: host: smtp.qq.com username: [email protected] password: #***** //授權碼，注意這裡不是直接填密碼 default-encoding: UTF-8 properties: mail.smtp.auth: true mail.smtp.starttls.enable: true mail.smtp.starttls.required: true mail.smtp.ssl.enable: true mail.display.sendmail: spring-boot-demo
注意
- spring.mail.username指的是傳送郵件的QQ郵箱
- spring.mail.password指的是該郵箱的授權碼，而不是該郵箱的密碼
3.編寫簡單郵件傳送介面
@Service public class MailServiceImpl implements MailService { @Autowired private JavaMailSender mailSender; @Value("${spring.mail.username}") private String from; /** * 傳送文字郵件 * * @param to 收件人地址 * @param subject 郵件主題 * @param content 郵件內容 * @param cc 抄送地址 */ @Override public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content, String... cc) { SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage(); message.setFrom(from); message.setTo(to); message.setSubject(subject); message.setText(content); message.setCc(cc); mailSender.send(message); } }
4.編寫測試用例
public class MailServiceTest extends EmailApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private MailService mailService;
/**
* 測試簡單郵件
*/
@Test
public void sendSimpleMail() {
mailService.sendSimpleMail("[email protected]", "這是一封簡單郵件", "這是一封普通的SpringBoot測試郵件");
}
}執行測試用例,發現成功收到郵件了
可能會遇到的異常
org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException: Authentication failed; nested exception is javax.mail.AuthenticationFailedException: [EOF]
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.doSend(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:440)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:323)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.send(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:312)
at com.easy.email.service.impl.MailServiceImpl.sendSimpleMail(MailServiceImpl.java:35)
at com.easy.email.service.MailServiceTest.sendSimpleMail(MailServiceTest.java:16)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestExecutionCallbacks.java:74)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestExecutionCallbacks.java:84)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:251)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: javax.mail.AuthenticationFailedException: [EOF]
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport$Authenticator.authenticate(SMTPTransport.java:965)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.authenticate(SMTPTransport.java:876)
at com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPTransport.protocolConnect(SMTPTransport.java:780)
at javax.mail.Service.connect(Service.java:366)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.connectTransport(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:518)
at org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl.doSend(JavaMailSenderImpl.java:437)
... 34 more
這是因為還沒有去郵箱那裡設定開啟POP3/SMTP服務，操作步驟如下：
郵箱—>設定—>賬戶，然後拉下來，找到POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服務
開啟服務：POP3/SMTP服務
開啟好了POP3/SMTP服務之後，會有一個授權碼，這個授權碼就是application.yml的spring.mail.password
參考
- 示例程式碼-github
- Spring Boot Email 官方文件
- JavaMail官方文件