WPF 因設定不期望的DataContext,導致的繫結異常
在MainWindow中,建立一個背景屬性BrushTest,並將其繫結至介面
1 <Window x:Class="WpfApp8.MainWindow" 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 5 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp8" 7 mc:Ignorable="d" 8 Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800" x:Name="TheMainWindow"> 9 <Grid> 10 <local:UserControl1 BackgroundTest="{Binding BrushTest}"/> 11 </Grid> 12 </Window>
1 public partial class MainWindow : Window 2 { 3 public MainWindow() 4 { 5 InitializeComponent(); 6 BrushTest = Brushes.Red; 7 this.DataContext = this; 8 } 10 public static readonly DependencyProperty BrushTestProperty = DependencyProperty.Register( 11 "BrushTest", typeof(SolidColorBrush), typeof(MainWindow), new PropertyMetadata(default(SolidColorBrush))); 13 public SolidColorBrush BrushTest 14 { 15 get { return (SolidColorBrush) GetValue(BrushTestProperty); } 16 set { SetValue(BrushTestProperty, value); } 17 } 18 }
並在視窗中新增一個UserControl,同樣新增一個BackgroundTest屬性,並將其繫結至介面。
1 <UserControl x:Class="WpfApp8.UserControl1" 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 5 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp8" 7 mc:Ignorable="d" 8 d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800"> 9 <Grid Background="{Binding BackgroundTest}"> 10 </Grid> 11 </UserControl>
1 public partial class UserControl1 : UserControl 2 { 3 public UserControl1() 4 { 5 InitializeComponent(); 6 this.DataContext = this; 7 } 8 public static readonly DependencyProperty BackgroundTestProperty = DependencyProperty.Register( 9 "BackgroundTest", typeof(SolidColorBrush), typeof(UserControl1), new PropertyMetadata(default(SolidColorBrush))); 10 public SolidColorBrush BackgroundTest 11 { 12 get { return (SolidColorBrush) GetValue(BackgroundTestProperty); } 13 set { SetValue(BackgroundTestProperty, value); } 14 } 15 }
執行後,控制檯輸出繫結異常,背景設定並沒有生效。
System.Windows.Data Error: 40 : BindingExpression path error: 'BrushTest' property not found on 'object' ''UserControl1' (Name='')'.
BindingExpression:Path=BrushTest; DataItem='UserControl1' (Name=''); target element is 'UserControl1' (Name=''); target property is 'BackgroundTest' (type 'SolidColorBrush')
為何錯了呢?
因為UserControl設定了倆次DataContext,UserControl1內部設定的上下文覆蓋了主視窗設定的上下文。
視窗內<local:UserControl1 BackgroundTest="{Binding BrushTest}"/>繫結的值BrushTest,在UserControl下的上下文無法找到相關值,所以報錯了
此類繫結異常,一不小心還是很容易出現的。
在視窗設定了DataContext時(自身或者ViewModel),子控制元件也設定DataContext。有趣的是,在Xaml編輯時,使用Reshaper連結到的是視窗所在的上下文屬性。
所以,子控制元件設定DataContext時,需要關注下否有屬性被引用繫結外界資料。
建議子控制元件減少DataContext的使用,以上可以通過指定資料來源進行繫結。比如:
1 <UserControl x:Class="WpfApp8.UserControl1" 2 xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 3 xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 4 xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 5 xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 6 xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp8" 7 mc:Ignorable="d" 8 d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800" x:Name="TheUserControl"> 9 <Grid Background="{Binding ElementName=TheUserControl,Path=BackgroundTest}"> 10 </Grid> 11 </UserControl>
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