JAVA8學習——深入淺出Lambda表示式(學習過程)
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-12-29
JAVA8學習——深入淺出Lambda表示式(學習過程)
lambda表示式:
我們為什麼要用lambda表示式
- 在JAVA中,我們無法將函式作為引數傳遞給一個方法,也無法宣告返回一個函式的方法。
- 在JavaScript中,函式引數是一個函式,返回值是另一個函式的情況下非常常見的,JavaScript是一門非常典型的函數語言程式設計語言,面向物件的語言
//如,JS中的函式作為引數
a.execute(callback(event){
event...
})
Java匿名內部類例項
後面補充一個匿名內部類的程式碼例項
我這裡Gradle的使用來構建專案
需要自行補充對Gradle的學習
Gradle完全可以使用Maven的所有能力
Maven基於XML的配置檔案,Gradle是基於程式設計式配置.Gradle檔案
自定義匿名內部類
public class SwingTest { public static void main(String[] args) { JFrame jFrame = new JFrame("my Frame"); JButton jButton = new JButton("My Button"); jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) { System.out.println("Button Pressed"); } }); jFrame.add(jButton); jFrame.pack(); jFrame.setVisible(true); jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } }
改造前:
jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
System.out.println("Button Pressed");
}
});
改造後:
jButton.addActionListener(actionEvent -> System.out.println("Button Pressed"));
Lambda表示式的基本結構
會有自動推斷引數型別的功能
(pram1,pram2,pram3)->{
}
函式式介面
概念後期補(介面文件原始碼,註解原始碼)
抽象方法,抽象介面
1個接口裡面只有一個抽象方法,可以有幾個具體的方法
/**
* An informative annotation type used to indicate that an interface
* type declaration is intended to be a <i>functional interface</i> as
* defined by the Java Language Specification.
*
* Conceptually, a functional interface has exactly one abstract
* method. Since {@linkplain java.lang.reflect.Method#isDefault()
* default methods} have an implementation, they are not abstract. If
* an interface declares an abstract method overriding one of the
* public methods of {@code java.lang.Object}, that also does
* <em>not</em> count toward the interface's abstract method count
* since any implementation of the interface will have an
* implementation from {@code java.lang.Object} or elsewhere.
*
* <p>Note that instances of functional interfaces can be created with
* lambda expressions, method references, or constructor references.
*
* <p>If a type is annotated with this annotation type, compilers are
* required to generate an error message unless:
*
* <ul>
* <li> The type is an interface type and not an annotation type, enum, or class.
* <li> The annotated type satisfies the requirements of a functional interface.
* </ul>
*
* <p>However, the compiler will treat any interface meeting the
* definition of a functional interface as a functional interface
* regardless of whether or not a {@code FunctionalInterface}
* annotation is present on the interface declaration.
*
* @jls 4.3.2. The Class Object
* @jls 9.8 Functional Interfaces
* @jls 9.4.3 Interface Method Body
* @since 1.8
*/
@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
public @interface FunctionalInterface {}
關於函式式介面:
1.如何一個介面只有一個抽象方法,那麼這個介面就是函式式介面
2.如果我們在某個介面上生命了FunctionalInterface註解,那麼編譯器就會按照函式式介面的定義來要求該註解
3.如果某個介面只有一個抽象方法,但我們沒有給該介面生命FunctionalInterface介面,編譯器也還會把該介面當做成一個函式是介面。(英文最後一段)
通過對例項對函式式介面深入理解
對
@FunctionalInterface
public interface MyInterface {
void test();
}
錯
@FunctionalInterface
public interface MyInterface {
void test();
String tostring1();
}
對 (tostring為重寫Object類的方法)
@FunctionalInterface
public interface MyInterface {
void test();
String toString();
}
升級擴充套件,使用lambda表示式
@FunctionalInterface
interface MyInterface {
void test();
String toString();
}
public class Test2{
public void myTest(MyInterface myInterface){
System.out.println("1");
myInterface.test();
System.out.println("2");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Test2 test2 = new Test2();
//1.預設呼叫接口裡面的介面函式。預設呼叫MyTest接口裡面的test方法。
//2.如果沒有引數傳入方法,那麼可以直接使用()來表達,如下所示
test2.myTest(()-> System.out.println("mytest"));
MyInterface myInterface = () -> {
System.out.println("hello");
};
System.out.println(myInterface.getClass()); //檢視這個類
System.out.println(myInterface.getClass().getSuperclass());//檢視類的父類
System.out.println(myInterface.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]);// 檢視此類實現的介面
}
}
預設方法:接口裡面,從1.8開始,也可以擁有方法實現了。
預設方法既保證了新特性的新增,又保證了老版本的相容
//如,Iterable 中的 forEach方法
public interface Iterable<T> {
default void forEach(Consumer<? super T> action) {
Objects.requireNonNull(action);
for (T t : this) {
action.accept(t);
}
}
}
ForEach方法詳解
比較重要的是行為,//action行為,而不是資料
/**
* Performs the given action for each element of the {@code Iterable}
* until all elements have been processed or the action throws an
* exception. Unless otherwise specified by the implementing class,
* actions are performed in the order of iteration (if an iteration order
* is specified). Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the
* caller.
*
* @implSpec
* <p>The default implementation behaves as if:
* <pre>{@code
* for (T t : this)
* action.accept(t);
* }</pre>
*
* @param action The action to be performed for each element
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified action is null
* @since 1.8
*/
default void forEach(Consumer<? super T> action) {
Objects.requireNonNull(action);
for (T t : this) {
action.accept(t);
}
}
Consumer 型別詳解
名字的由來:消費,只消費,沒有返回值
/**
* Represents an operation that accepts a single input argument and returns no
* result. Unlike most other functional interfaces, {@code Consumer} is expected
* to operate via side-effects.//介面本身是帶有副作用的,會對傳入的唯一引數進行修改
*
* <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html">functional interface</a>
* whose functional method is {@link #accept(Object)}.
*
* @param <T> the type of the input to the operation
*
* @since 1.8
*/
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Consumer<T> {
/**
* Performs this operation on the given argument.
*
* @param t the input argument
*/
void accept(T t);
/**
* Returns a composed {@code Consumer} that performs, in sequence, this
* operation followed by the {@code after} operation. If performing either
* operation throws an exception, it is relayed to the caller of the
* composed operation. If performing this operation throws an exception,
* the {@code after} operation will not be performed.
*
* @param after the operation to perform after this operation
* @return a composed {@code Consumer} that performs in sequence this
* operation followed by the {@code after} operation
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code after} is null
*/
default Consumer<T> andThen(Consumer<? super T> after) {
Objects.requireNonNull(after);
return (T t) -> { accept(t); after.accept(t); };
}
}
Lambda表示式的作用
- Lambda表示式為JAVA添加了缺失的函數語言程式設計特性,使我們能夠將函式當做一等公民看待
- 在將函式作為一等公民的語言中,Lambda表示式的型別是函式,但是在JAVA語言中,lambda表示式是一個物件,他們必須依附於一類特別的物件型別——函式是介面(function interface)
迭代方式(三種)
外部迭代:(之前使用的迭代集合的方式,fori這種的)
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8);
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
System.out.println(list.get(i));
}
內部迭代: ForEach(完全通過集合的本身,通過函式式介面拿出來使用Customer的Accept來完成內部迭代)
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8);
list.forEach(i -> System.out.println(i));
第三種方式:方法引用(method reference)
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8);
list.forEach(System.out::println);
2019年12月29日00:07:05 要睡覺了。筆記後面持續更新,程式碼會上傳到GitHub,歡迎一起學習討論