動手造輪子:寫一個日誌框架
動手造輪子:寫一個日誌框架
Intro
日誌框架有很多,比如 log4net
/ nlog
/ serilog
/ microsoft.extensions.logging
等,如何在切換日誌框架的時候做到不用修改程式碼,只需要切換不同的 loggingProvider
就可以了,最低成本的降低切換日誌框架的成本,處於這個考慮自己寫了一個日誌框架,為不同的日誌框架寫一個適配,需要用到什麼日誌框架,配置一下就可以了,業務程式碼無需變動。
V0
最初的日誌強依賴於 log4net,log4net 是我使用的第一個日誌框架,所以很長一段時間都在使用它來做日誌記錄,但是由於是強依賴,在想換日誌框架時就會很難受,大量程式碼要改動,不符合開放封閉的基本原則,於是就有了第一個版本的日誌。
V1
第一版的日誌參考了微軟的日誌框架的實現,大概結構如下:
public interface ILogHelperLogFactory { ILogger CreateLogger(string categoryName); bool AddProvider(ILogHelperProvider provider); } public interface ILogHelperLogger { bool IsEnabled(LogHelperLogLevel logLevel); void Log(LogHelperLogLevel logLevel, Exception exception, string message); } public enum LogHelperLogLevel { /// <summary> /// All logging levels /// </summary> All = 0, /// <summary> /// A trace logging level /// </summary> Trace = 1, /// <summary> /// A debug logging level /// </summary> Debug = 2, /// <summary> /// A info logging level /// </summary> Info = 4, /// <summary> /// A warn logging level /// </summary> Warn = 8, /// <summary> /// An error logging level /// </summary> Error = 16, /// <summary> /// A fatal logging level /// </summary> Fatal = 32, /// <summary> /// None /// </summary> None = 64 } public interface ILogHelperProvider { ILogHelperLogger CreateLogger(string categoryName); }
為了方便 Logger 的使用,定義了一些擴充套件方法,使得可以直接使用 logger.Info
/logger.Error
等方法,擴充套件定義如下:
public static void Log(this ILogHelperLogger logger, LogHelperLevel loggerLevel, string msg) => logger.Log(loggerLevel, null, msg); #region Info public static void Info(this ILogHelperLogger logger, string msg, params object[] parameters) { if (parameters == null || parameters.Length == 0) { logger.Log(LogHelperLevel.Info, msg); } else { logger.Log(LogHelperLevel.Info, null, msg.FormatWith(parameters)); } } public static void Info(this ILogHelperLogger logger, Exception ex, string msg) => logger.Log(LogHelperLevel.Info, ex, msg); public static void Info(this ILogHelperLogger logger, Exception ex) => logger.Log(LogHelperLevel.Info, ex, ex?.Message); #endregion Info // ...其他的類似,這裡就不詳細展開了
如果要自定義的日誌記錄的話,就實現一個 ILogHelperProvider
即可,實現一個 ILogHelperProvider
就要實現一個 ILogHelperLogger
,原本強依賴的 log4net 可以實現一個 Log4NetLogHelperProvider
,這樣換別的日誌框架的時候只需要實現對應的 ILogHelperProvider
即可,但是從功能性上來說還是很弱的
如果想要某些日誌不記錄,比如說,Debug 級別的日誌不記錄,比如說某一個 Logger 下只記錄 Error 級別的日誌,現在是有些吃力,只能通過 log4net 的配置來限制了,於是就有了第二個版本,增加了 LoggingFilter
可以針對 Provider/Logger/LogLevel/Exception 來設定 filter,過濾不需要記錄的日誌,這也是參考了微軟的日誌框架的 Filter,但是實現不太一樣,有興趣的小夥伴可以自己深入研究一下。
V2
V2 版,在 ILogFactory
的介面上增加了 AddFilter
的方法,定義如下:
/// <summary>
/// Add logs filter
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filterFunc">filterFunc, logProviderType/categoryName/Exception, whether to write log</param>
bool AddFilter(Func<Type, string, LogHelperLogLevel, Exception, bool> filterFunc);
然後定義了一些擴充套件方法來方便使用:
public static ILogHelperFactory WithMinimumLevel(this ILogHelperFactory logHelperFactory, LogHelperLevel logLevel)
{
return logHelperFactory.WithFilter(level => level >= logLevel);
}
public static ILogHelperFactory WithFilter(this ILogHelperFactory logHelperFactory, Func<LogHelperLevel, bool> filterFunc)
{
logHelperFactory.AddFilter((type, categoryName, logLevel, exception) => filterFunc.Invoke(logLevel));
return logHelperFactory;
}
public static ILogHelperFactory WithFilter(this ILogHelperFactory logHelperFactory, Func<string, LogHelperLevel, bool> filterFunc)
{
logHelperFactory.AddFilter((type, categoryName, logLevel, exception) => filterFunc.Invoke(categoryName, logLevel));
return logHelperFactory;
}
public static ILogHelperFactory WithFilter(this ILogHelperFactory logHelperFactory, Func<Type, string, LogHelperLevel, bool> filterFunc)
{
logHelperFactory.AddFilter((type, categoryName, logLevel, exception) => filterFunc.Invoke(type, categoryName, logLevel));
return logHelperFactory;
}
public static ILogHelperFactory WithFilter(this ILogHelperFactory logHelperFactory, Func<Type, string, LogHelperLevel, Exception, bool> filterFunc)
{
logHelperFactory.AddFilter(filterFunc);
return logHelperFactory;
}
這樣就方便了我們只想定義針對 Logger 的 Filter 以及 Provider 的 Filter,不必所有引數都用到,logging filter 現在已經實現了,此時已經使用了 Serilog
做日誌記錄有一段時間,感覺 Serilog
裡的一些設計很優秀,很優雅,於是想把 Serilog
裡的一些設計用在自己的日誌框架裡,比如說:
Serilog
的擴充套件叫做Sink
,日誌輸出的地方,Serilog
自定義一個Sink
,很簡單隻需要實現一個介面,不需要再實現一個 Logger,從這點來說,我覺得Serilog
比微軟的日誌框架更加優秀,而且LogEvent
使得日誌更方便的進行批量操作,有需要的可以瞭解一下Serilog
的PeriodBatching
https://github.com/serilog/serilog-sinks-periodicbatching/// <summary> /// A destination for log events. /// </summary> public interface ILogEventSink { /// <summary> /// Emit the provided log event to the sink. /// </summary> /// <param name="logEvent">The log event to write.</param> void Emit(LogEvent logEvent); }
Serilog
可以自定義一些Enricher
,以此來豐富記錄的日誌內容,比如日誌的請求上下文,日誌的環境等,也可以是一些固定的屬性資訊MessageTemplate
,其實微軟的日誌框架中也有類似的概念,只不過很不明顯,用Serilog
之前我也很少用,微軟的日誌框架可以這樣用logger.LogInfo("hello {name}", "world")
這樣的寫法其實就可以把第一個引數當作是MessageTemplate
或者它內部的叫法Format
鑑於這麼多好處,於是打算將這些功能引入到我的日誌框架中
V3
引入 LoggingEvent
說幹就幹,首先要引入一個 LogHelperLoggingEvent
,對應的 Serilog
的 LogEvent
,定義如下:
public class LogHelperLoggingEvent : ICloneable
{
public string CategoryName { get; set; }
public DateTimeOffset DateTime { get; set; }
public string MessageTemplate { get; set; }
public string Message { get; set; }
public Exception Exception { get; set; }
public LogHelperLogLevel LogLevel { get; set; }
public Dictionary<string, object> Properties { get; set; }
public LogHelperLoggingEvent Copy => (LogHelperLoggingEvent)Clone();
public object Clone()
{
var newEvent = (LogHelperLoggingEvent)MemberwiseClone();
if (Properties != null)
{
newEvent.Properties = new Dictionary<string, object>();
foreach (var property in Properties)
{
newEvent.Properties[property.Key] = property.Value;
}
}
return newEvent;
}
}
Event 裡定義了一個 Properties 的字典用來豐富日誌的內容,另外實現了 ICloneable
介面,方便對物件的拷貝,為了強型別,增加了一個 Copy
的方法,返回一個強型別的物件
改造 LogProvider
為了減少擴充套件一個 ILogProvider
的複雜性,我們要對 ILogProvider
做一個簡化,只需要像擴充套件 Serilog
的 Sink 一樣記錄日誌即可,不需要關心是否要建立 Logger
改造後的定義如下:
public interface ILogHelperProvider
{
Task Log(LogHelperLoggingEvent loggingEvent);
}
(這裡返回了一個 Task,可能返回型別是 void 就足夠了,看自己的需要)
這樣在實現 LogProvider
的時候只需要實現這個介面就可以了,不需要再實現一個 Logger 了
增加 Enricher
Enricher
定義:
public interface ILogHelperLoggingEnricher
{
void Enrich(LogHelperLoggingEvent loggingEvent);
}
內建了一個 PropertyEnricher
,方便新增一些簡單的屬性
internal class PropertyLoggingEnricher : ILogHelperLoggingEnricher
{
private readonly string _propertyName;
private readonly Func<LogHelperLoggingEvent, object> _propertyValueFactory;
private readonly bool _overwrite;
private readonly Func<LogHelperLoggingEvent, bool> _logPropertyPredict = null;
public PropertyLoggingEnricher(string propertyName, object propertyValue, bool overwrite = false) : this(propertyName, (loggingEvent) => propertyValue, overwrite)
{
}
public PropertyLoggingEnricher(string propertyName, Func<LogHelperLoggingEvent, object> propertyValueFactory,
bool overwrite = false) : this(propertyName, propertyValueFactory, null, overwrite)
{
}
public PropertyLoggingEnricher(string propertyName, Func<LogHelperLoggingEvent, object> propertyValueFactory, Func<LogHelperLoggingEvent, bool> logPropertyPredict,
bool overwrite = false)
{
_propertyName = propertyName;
_propertyValueFactory = propertyValueFactory;
_logPropertyPredict = logPropertyPredict;
_overwrite = overwrite;
}
public void Enrich(LogHelperLoggingEvent loggingEvent)
{
if (_logPropertyPredict?.Invoke(loggingEvent) != false)
{
loggingEvent.AddProperty(_propertyName, _propertyValueFactory, _overwrite);
}
}
}
為 ILogFactory
增加一個 AddEnricher
的方法
/// <summary>
/// add log enricher
/// </summary>
/// <param name="enricher">log enricher</param>
/// <returns></returns>
bool AddEnricher(ILogHelperLoggingEnricher enricher);
這樣我們在記錄日誌的時候就可以通過這些 Enricher 豐富 LoggingEvent
中的 Properties 了
為了方便 Property 的操作,我們增加了一些擴充套件方法:
public static ILogHelperFactory WithEnricher<TEnricher>(this ILogHelperFactory logHelperFactory,
TEnricher enricher) where TEnricher : ILogHelperLoggingEnricher
{
logHelperFactory.AddEnricher(enricher);
return logHelperFactory;
}
public static ILogHelperFactory WithEnricher<TEnricher>(this ILogHelperFactory logHelperFactory) where TEnricher : ILogHelperLoggingEnricher, new()
{
logHelperFactory.AddEnricher(new TEnricher());
return logHelperFactory;
}
public static ILogHelperFactory EnrichWithProperty(this ILogHelperFactory logHelperFactory, string propertyName, object value, bool overwrite = false)
{
logHelperFactory.AddEnricher(new PropertyLoggingEnricher(propertyName, value, overwrite));
return logHelperFactory;
}
public static ILogHelperFactory EnrichWithProperty(this ILogHelperFactory logHelperFactory, string propertyName, Func<LogHelperLoggingEvent> valueFactory, bool overwrite = false)
{
logHelperFactory.AddEnricher(new PropertyLoggingEnricher(propertyName, valueFactory, overwrite));
return logHelperFactory;
}
public static ILogHelperFactory EnrichWithProperty(this ILogHelperFactory logHelperFactory, string propertyName, object value, Func<LogHelperLoggingEvent, bool> predict, bool overwrite = false)
{
logHelperFactory.AddEnricher(new PropertyLoggingEnricher(propertyName, e => value, predict, overwrite));
return logHelperFactory;
}
public static ILogHelperFactory EnrichWithProperty(this ILogHelperFactory logHelperFactory, string propertyName, Func<LogHelperLoggingEvent, object> valueFactory, Func<LogHelperLoggingEvent, bool> predict, bool overwrite = false)
{
logHelperFactory.AddEnricher(new PropertyLoggingEnricher(propertyName, valueFactory, predict, overwrite));
return logHelperFactory;
}
MessageTemplate
從上面的 LoggingEvent
中已經增加了 MessageTemplate
,於是我們引入了微軟日誌框架中日誌的格式化,將 messageTemplate 和 parameters 轉換成 Message 和 Properties,具體參考 https://github.com/WeihanLi/WeihanLi.Common/blob/276cc49cfda511f9b7b3bb8344ee52441c4a3b23/src/WeihanLi.Common/Logging/LoggingFormatter.cs
internal struct FormattedLogValue
{
public string Msg { get; set; }
public Dictionary<string, object> Values { get; set; }
public FormattedLogValue(string msg, Dictionary<string, object> values)
{
Msg = msg;
Values = values;
}
}
internal static class LoggingFormatter
{
public static FormattedLogValue Format(string msgTemplate, object[] values)
{
if (values == null || values.Length == 0)
return new FormattedLogValue(msgTemplate, null);
var formatter = new LogValuesFormatter(msgTemplate);
var msg = formatter.Format(values);
var dic = formatter.GetValues(values)
.ToDictionary(x => x.Key, x => x.Value);
return new FormattedLogValue(msg, dic);
}
}
這樣我們就可以支援 messageTemplate 了,然後來改造一下我們的 Logger
public interface ILogHelperLogger
{
void Log(LogHelperLogLevel logLevel, Exception exception, string messageTemplate, params object[] parameters);
bool IsEnabled(LogHelperLogLevel logLevel);
}
與上面不同的是,我們增加了 parameters
再來更新一下我們的擴充套件方法,上面的擴充套件方法是直接使用 string.Format
的方式的格式化的,我們這裡要更新一下
public static void Info(this ILogHelperLogger logger, string msg, params object[] parameters)
{
logger.Log(LogHelperLogLevel.Info, null, msg, parameters);
}
public static void Info(this ILogHelperLogger logger, Exception ex, string msg) => logger.Log(LogHelperLogLevel.Info, ex, msg);
public static void Info(this ILogHelperLogger logger, Exception ex) => logger.Log(LogHelperLogLevel.Info, ex, ex?.Message);
至此,功能基本完成,但是從 API 的角度來說,感覺現在的 ILogFactory
太重了,這些 AddProvider
/AddEnricher
/AddFilter
都應該屬性 ILogFactory
的內部屬性,通過配置來完成,不應該成為它的介面方法,於是就有了下一版
V4
這一版主要是引入了 LoggingBuilder
, 通過 LoggingBuilder
來配置內部的 LogFactory
所需要的 Provider
/Enricher
/Filter
,原來他們的配置方法和擴充套件方法均變成ILogHelperLoggingBuilder
public interface ILogHelperLoggingBuilder
{
/// <summary>
/// Adds an ILogHelperProvider to the logging system.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="provider">The ILogHelperProvider.</param>
bool AddProvider(ILogHelperProvider provider);
/// <summary>
/// add log enricher
/// </summary>
/// <param name="enricher">log enricher</param>
/// <returns></returns>
bool AddEnricher(ILogHelperLoggingEnricher enricher);
/// <summary>
/// Add logs filter
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filterFunc">filterFunc, logProviderType/categoryName/Exception, whether to write log</param>
bool AddFilter(Func<Type, string, LogHelperLogLevel, Exception, bool> filterFunc);
///// <summary>
///// config period batching
///// </summary>
///// <param name="period">period</param>
///// <param name="batchSize">batchSize</param>
//void PeriodBatchingConfig(TimeSpan period, int batchSize);
/// <summary>
/// Build for LogFactory
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
ILogHelperFactory Build();
}
增加 logging 的配置:
public static class LogHelper
{
private static ILogHelperFactory LogFactory { get; private set; } = NullLogHelperFactory.Instance;
public static void ConfigureLogging(Action<ILogHelperLoggingBuilder> configureAction)
{
var loggingBuilder = new LogHelperLoggingBuilder();
configureAction?.Invoke(loggingBuilder);
LogFactory = loggingBuilder.Build();
}
public static ILogHelperLogger GetLogger<T>() => LogFactory.GetLogger(typeof(T));
public static ILogHelperLogger GetLogger(Type type) => LogFactory.GetLogger(type);
public static ILogHelperLogger GetLogger(string categoryName)
{
return LogFactory.CreateLogger(categoryName);
}
}
最後的使用方式:
internal class LoggingTest
{
private static readonly ILogHelperLogger Logger = LogHelper.GetLogger<LoggingTest>();
public static void MainTest()
{
var abc = "1233";
LogHelper.ConfigureLogging(builder =>
{
builder
.AddLog4Net()
//.AddSerilog(loggerConfig => loggerConfig.WriteTo.Console())
.WithMinimumLevel(LogHelperLogLevel.Info)
.WithFilter((category, level) => level > LogHelperLogLevel.Error && category.StartsWith("System"))
.EnrichWithProperty("Entry0", ApplicationHelper.ApplicationName)
.EnrichWithProperty("Entry1", ApplicationHelper.ApplicationName, e => e.LogLevel >= LogHelperLogLevel.Error)// 當 LogLevel 是 Error 及以上級別時才增加 Property
;
});
Logger.Debug("12333 {abc}", abc);
Logger.Trace("122334334");
Logger.Info($"122334334 {abc}");
Logger.Warn("12333, err:{err}", "hahaha");
Logger.Error("122334334");
Logger.Fatal("12333");
}
}
More
增加 LoggingEvent
還想做一個批量提交日誌,如上面定義的 PeriodBatchingConfig
一樣,批量同步到 Provider 但是實際使用下來,有些 provider 不支援設定日誌的時間,時間是內部記錄的,這樣一來日誌記錄的時間就不準了,而且大多都不支援批量寫日誌,所以後面放棄了,但是如果只是用自己的擴充套件,不用 log4net 之類的外部的日誌框架的話,我覺得還是可以做的,可以提高效率,目前主要用 Serilog
和 log4net
,暫時不更新了,就先這樣吧
下一版本要解決的事情
ILogProvider
記錄日誌返回一個 Task 感覺有些雞肋,沒太大意義,後面再改一下吧Serilog
的 Filter 是基於LogEvent
的,後面看是否需要改一下,基於 LogEvent 的話更簡潔,而且可以根據 LogEvent 內的 Properties 做過濾,所以 AddFilter 的API 可以更新一下AddFilter(Func<LogHelperLoggingEvent, bool> filter)
Reference
- https://github.com/serilog/serilog
- https://github.com/serilog/serilog-sinks-periodicbatching
- https://github.com/aspnet/Logging
- https://github.com/aspnet/Extensions/tree/master/src/Logging
- https://github.com/WeihanLi/WeihanLi.Common/tree/dev/src/WeihanLi.Common/Logging