1. 程式人生 > >【分散式鎖】06-Zookeeper實現分散式鎖:可重入鎖原始碼分析

【分散式鎖】06-Zookeeper實現分散式鎖:可重入鎖原始碼分析

前言

前面已經講解了Redis的客戶端Redission是怎麼實現分散式鎖的,大多都深入到原始碼級別。

在分散式系統中,常見的分散式鎖實現方案還有Zookeeper,接下來會深入研究Zookeeper是如何來實現分散式鎖的。

Zookeeper初識

檔案系統

Zookeeper維護一個類似檔案系統的資料結構

image.png

每個子目錄項如NameService都被稱為znoed,和檔案系統一樣,我們能夠自由的增加、刪除znode,在znode下增加、刪除子znode,唯一不同的在於znode是可以儲存資料的。

有4種類型的znode

  • PERSISTENT--持久化目錄節點客戶端與zookeeper斷開連線後,該節點依舊存在

  • PERSISTENT_SEQUENTIAL-持久化順序編號目錄節點客戶端與zookeeper斷開連線後,該節點依舊存在,只是Zookeeper給該節點名稱進行順序編號

  • EPHEMERAL-臨時目錄節點客戶端與zookeeper斷開連線後,該節點被刪除

  • EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL-臨時順序編號目錄節點客戶端與zookeeper斷開連線後,該節點被刪除,只是Zookeeper給該節點名稱進行順序編號

通知機制

客戶端註冊監聽它關心的目錄節點,當目錄節點發生變化(資料改變、被刪除、子目錄節點增加刪除)等,zookeeper會通知客戶端。

分散式鎖

有了zookeeper的一致性檔案系統,鎖的問題變得容易。鎖服務可以分為兩類,一個是保持獨佔,另一個是控制時序。

  1. 對於第一類,我們將zookeeper上的一個znode看作是一把鎖,通過create znode的方式來實現。所有客戶端都去建立 /distribute_lock 節點,最終成功建立的那個客戶端也即擁有了這把鎖。廁所有言:來也沖沖,去也沖沖,用完刪除掉自己建立的distribute_lock 節點就釋放出鎖。

  2. 對於第二類, /distribute_lock 已經預先存在,所有客戶端在它下面建立臨時順序編號目錄節點,和選master一樣,編號最小的獲得鎖,用完刪除自己建立的znode節點。

image.png

註明:以上內容參考 https://www.cnblogs.com/dream-to-pku/p/9513188.html

Curator框架初識

Curator是Netflix公司開源的一套Zookeeper客戶端框架。目前已經作為Apache的頂級專案出現,是最流行的Zookeeper客戶端之一。

我們看下Apache Curator官網的介紹:

image.png

接著看下quick start中關於分散式鎖相關的內容
地址為:http://curator.apache.org/getting-started.html

InterProcessMutex lock = new InterProcessMutex(client, lockPath);
if ( lock.acquire(maxWait, waitUnit) ) 
{
    try 
    {
        // do some work inside of the critical section here
    }
    finally
    {
        lock.release();
    }
}

使用很簡單,使用InterProcessMutex類,使用其中的acquire()方法,就可以獲取一個分散式鎖了。

Curator分散式鎖使用示例

啟動兩個執行緒t1和t2去爭奪鎖,拿到鎖的執行緒會佔用5秒。執行多次可以觀察到,有時是t1先拿到鎖而t2等待,有時又會反過來。Curator會用我們提供的lock路徑的結點作為全域性鎖,這個結點的資料類似這種格式:[_c_64e0811f-9475-44ca-aa36-c1db65ae5350-lock-00000000001],每次獲得鎖時會生成這種串,釋放鎖時清空資料。

接下來看看加鎖的示例:

public class Application {
    private static final String ZK_ADDRESS = "192.20.38.58:2181";
    private static final String ZK_LOCK_PATH = "/locks/lock_01";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.newClient(
                ZK_ADDRESS,
                new RetryNTimes(10, 5000)
        );
        client.start();
        System.out.println("zk client start successfully!");

        Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
            doWithLock(client);
        }, "t1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
            doWithLock(client);
        }, "t2");

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }

    private static void doWithLock(CuratorFramework client) {
        InterProcessMutex lock = new InterProcessMutex(client, ZK_LOCK_PATH);
        try {
            if (lock.acquire(10 * 1000, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " hold lock");
                Thread.sleep(5000L);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " release lock");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                lock.release();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

執行結果:

image.png

Curator 加鎖實現原理

直接看Curator加鎖的程式碼:

public class InterProcessMutex implements InterProcessLock, Revocable<InterProcessMutex> {

    private final ConcurrentMap<Thread, LockData>   threadData = Maps.newConcurrentMap();

     private static class LockData
    {
        final Thread        owningThread;
        final String        lockPath;
        final AtomicInteger lockCount = new AtomicInteger(1);

        private LockData(Thread owningThread, String lockPath)
        {
            this.owningThread = owningThread;
            this.lockPath = lockPath;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean acquire(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws Exception
    {
        return internalLock(time, unit);
    }


     private boolean internalLock(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws Exception
    {
        /*
           Note on concurrency: a given lockData instance
           can be only acted on by a single thread so locking isn't necessary
        */

        Thread          currentThread = Thread.currentThread();

        LockData        lockData = threadData.get(currentThread);
        if ( lockData != null )
        {
            // re-entering
            lockData.lockCount.incrementAndGet();
            return true;
        }

        String lockPath = internals.attemptLock(time, unit, getLockNodeBytes());
        if ( lockPath != null )
        {
            LockData        newLockData = new LockData(currentThread, lockPath);
            threadData.put(currentThread, newLockData);
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }   
}

直接看internalLock()方法,首先是獲取當前執行緒,然後檢視當前執行緒是否在一個concurrentHashMap中,這裡是重入鎖的實現,如果當前已經已經獲取了鎖,那麼這個執行緒獲取鎖的次數再+1

如果沒有獲取鎖,那麼就是用attemptLock()方法去嘗試獲取鎖,如果lockPath不為空,說明獲取鎖成功,並將當前執行緒放入到map中。

接下來看看核心的加鎖邏輯attemptLock()方法:

入參:
time : 獲取鎖等待的時間
unit:時間單位
lockNodeBytes:預設為null

public class LockInternals {    
    String attemptLock(long time, TimeUnit unit, byte[] lockNodeBytes) throws Exception
    {
        final long      startMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
        final Long      millisToWait = (unit != null) ? unit.toMillis(time) : null;
        final byte[]    localLockNodeBytes = (revocable.get() != null) ? new byte[0] : lockNodeBytes;
        int             retryCount = 0;

        String          ourPath = null;
        boolean         hasTheLock = false;
        boolean         isDone = false;
        while ( !isDone )
        {
            isDone = true;

            try
            {
                if ( localLockNodeBytes != null )
                {
                    ourPath = client.create().creatingParentsIfNeeded().withProtection().withMode(CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL).forPath(path, localLockNodeBytes);
                }
                else
                {
                    ourPath = client.create().creatingParentsIfNeeded().withProtection().withMode(CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL).forPath(path);
                }
                hasTheLock = internalLockLoop(startMillis, millisToWait, ourPath);
            }
            catch ( KeeperException.NoNodeException e )
            {
                // gets thrown by StandardLockInternalsDriver when it can't find the lock node
                // this can happen when the session expires, etc. So, if the retry allows, just try it all again
                if ( client.getZookeeperClient().getRetryPolicy().allowRetry(retryCount++, System.currentTimeMillis() - startMillis, RetryLoop.getDefaultRetrySleeper()) )
                {
                    isDone = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    throw e;
                }
            }
        }

        if ( hasTheLock )
        {
            return ourPath;
        }

        return null;
    }
}

ourPath = client.create().creatingParentsIfNeeded().withProtection().withMode(CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL).forPath(path);

使用的臨時順序節點,首先他是臨時節點,如果當前這臺機器如果自己宕機的話,他建立的這個臨時節點就會自動消失,如果有獲取鎖的客戶端宕機了,zk可以保證鎖會自動釋放的

建立的資料結構類似於:

 

客戶端A獲取鎖的程式碼,生成的ourPath=xxxx01

 

客戶端B獲取鎖的程式碼,生成的ourPath=xxxx02

 

檢視Zookeeper中/locks/lock_01下所有臨時節點資料:

PS:01/02的圖沒有截到,這裡又跑了一次截圖所示 03/04 的順序節點在ZK中的顯示

接著重點看interalLockLoop()的邏輯:

public class LockInternals {
    private boolean internalLockLoop(long startMillis, Long millisToWait, String ourPath) throws Exception
    {
        boolean     haveTheLock = false;
        boolean     doDelete = false;
        try
        {
            if ( revocable.get() != null )
            {
                client.getData().usingWatcher(revocableWatcher).forPath(ourPath);
            }

            while ( (client.getState() == CuratorFrameworkState.STARTED) && !haveTheLock )
            {
                List<String>        children = getSortedChildren();
                String              sequenceNodeName = ourPath.substring(basePath.length() + 1); // +1 to include the slash

                PredicateResults    predicateResults = driver.getsTheLock(client, children, sequenceNodeName, maxLeases);
                if ( predicateResults.getsTheLock() )
                {
                    haveTheLock = true;
                }
                else
                {
                    String  previousSequencePath = basePath + "/" + predicateResults.getPathToWatch();

                    synchronized(this)
                    {
                        Stat stat = client.checkExists().usingWatcher(watcher).forPath(previousSequencePath);
                        if ( stat != null )
                        {
                            if ( millisToWait != null )
                            {
                                millisToWait -= (System.currentTimeMillis() - startMillis);
                                startMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
                                if ( millisToWait <= 0 )
                                {
                                    doDelete = true;    // timed out - delete our node
                                    break;
                                }

                                wait(millisToWait);
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                wait();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // else it may have been deleted (i.e. lock released). Try to acquire again
                }
            }
        }

           // 省略部分程式碼
        return haveTheLock;
    }
}

重點看while迴圈中的邏輯
首先是獲取鎖的邏輯:

  1. 獲取/locks/lock_01下排好序的znode節點,上面看圖已經知道,會有xxx01xxx02兩個節點
  2. 呼叫getsTheLock()方法獲取鎖,其中maxLeases為1,預設只能一個執行緒獲取鎖
  3. 定位到StandardLockInternalsDriver.getsTheLock()方法,其中程式碼核心如下:
    int ourIndex = children.indexOf(sequenceNodeName);
    boolean getsTheLock = ourIndex &lt; maxLeases;
  4. 上面sequenceNodeName引數為xxx01的全路徑名,然後檢視在排好序的children列表中是否為第一個元素,如果是第一個元素,返回的ourIndex=0,此時則認為獲取鎖成功
  5. 如果為有序列表中的第一個元素,那麼predicateResults.getsTheLock() 為true,獲取鎖的標誌位havaTheLock為true,直接返回獲取鎖成功

然後是獲取鎖失敗的邏輯:
獲取鎖失敗的核心程式碼:

String  previousSequencePath = basePath + "/" + predicateResults.getPathToWatch();

synchronized(this)
{
    Stat stat = client.checkExists().usingWatcher(watcher).forPath(previousSequencePath);
    if ( stat != null )
    {
        if ( millisToWait != null )
        {
            millisToWait -= (System.currentTimeMillis() - startMillis);
            startMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
            if ( millisToWait <= 0 )
            {
                doDelete = true;    // timed out - delete our node
                break;
            }

            wait(millisToWait);
        }
        else
        {
            wait();
        }
    }
}
  1. 針對上一個節點新增監聽器
  2. 如果加鎖有過期時間,到了過期時間後直接break退出迴圈
  3. 當前執行緒處於wait()狀態,等待上一個執行緒釋放鎖

Curator 釋放鎖實現原理

釋放鎖其實很簡單,直接刪除當前臨時節點,因為下一個節點監聽了上一個節點資訊,所以上一個節點刪除後,當前節點就會被喚醒重新獲取鎖。

private void deleteOurPath(String ourPath) throws Exception
{
    try
    {
        client.delete().guaranteed().forPath(ourPath);
    }
    catch ( KeeperException.NoNodeException e )
    {
        // ignore - already deleted (possibly expired session, etc.)
    }
}

總結

一張圖總結:

04_Zookeeper分散式鎖實現原理.jpg

原圖可檢視我的分享:
https://www.processon.com/view/link/5e80508de4b06b853001