使用Jenkins執行shell指令碼的時候, 碰到`command not found`. 比如`java mvn`, 這些環境變數配置在`/etc/profile` 中, 但jenkins執行的時候並沒有載入. 這是因為jenkins執行的shell是非登入互動式shell, 並不會載入`/etc/profile`. 互動式shell會載入`.bashrc`, 進而會載入`/etc/bashrc`, 而`/etc/bashrc`會載入`/etc/profile.d/*.sh`. **因此, 自定義的變數應該定義在/etc/profile.d/*.sh** ## 1.登入shell 所謂登入shell,指的是當用戶登入系統時所取的那個shell，登入shell屬於互動式shell。 登入shell將查詢4個不同的啟動檔案來處理其中的命令。 bash shell處理檔案的順序如下： ``` 1:/etc/profile 2:/etc/profile.d等待配置檔案 3:$HOME/.bash_profile 會載入$HOME/.bashrc和/etc/bashrc 4:$HOME/.bash_login 5:$HOME/.profile ``` ## 2. 互動式非登入shell 如果啟動了一個bash shell而沒有登入系統（如在CLI提示符中鍵入bash）, 則啟動了一個互動式非登入shell. ### $HOME/.bashrc 互動式非登入shell執行~/.bashrc檔案中的命令.在每次執行shell指令碼時，都會重新讀取這個檔案，所以是最完整的。 但是萬事都不是一樣的，debain系列的是不同的，如ubuntu /etc/profile-->/etc/environment-->$HOME/.profile.要配置java等變數時，都/etc/environment中 **.bashrc** ``` # .bashrc # User specific aliases and functions alias rm='rm -i' alias cp='cp -i' alias mv='mv -i' # Source global definitions if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then . /etc/bashrc fi ``` 登入shell的初始化檔案(比如.bash_profile)通常會執行這個檔案。這樣，登入shell和非登入shell都可以使用.bashrc中的命令。 ### /etc/bashrc ``` [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/bashrc # /etc/bashrc # System wide functions and aliases # Environment stuff goes in /etc/profile # It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you # are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in # /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this # will prevent the need for merging in future updates. # are we an interactive shell? if [ "$PS1" ]; then if [ -z "$PROMPT_COMMAND" ]; then case $TERM in xterm*|vte*) if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xterm ]; then PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xterm elif [ "${VTE_VERSION:-0}" -ge 3405 ]; then PROMPT_COMMAND="__vte_prompt_command" else PROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033]0;%s@%s:%s\007" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"' fi ;; screen*) if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screen ]; then PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screen else PROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033k%s@%s:%s\033\\" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"' fi ;; *) [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-default ] && PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-default ;; esac fi # Turn on parallel history shopt -s histappend history -a # Turn on checkwinsize shopt -s checkwinsize [ "$PS1" = "\\s-\\v\\\$ " ] && PS1="[\u@\h \W]\\$ " # You might want to have e.g. tty in prompt (e.g. more virtual machines) # and console windows # If you want to do so, just add e.g. # if [ "$PS1" ]; then # PS1="[\u@\h:\l \W]\\$ " # fi # to your custom modification shell script in /etc/profile.d/ directory fi if ! shopt -q login_shell ; then # We're not a login shell # Need to redefine pathmunge, it get's undefined at the end of /etc/profile pathmunge () { case ":${PATH}:" in *:"$1":*) ;; *) if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then PATH=$PATH:$1 else PATH=$1:$PATH fi esac } # By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for non-login shell. # Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200 # You could check uidgid reservation validity in # /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then umask 002 else umask 022 fi SHELL=/bin/bash # Only display echos from profile.d scripts if we are no login shell # and interactive - otherwise just process them to set envvars for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do if [ -r "$i" ]; then if [ "$PS1" ]; then . "$i" else . "$i" >/dev/null fi fi done unset i unset -f pathmunge fi # vim:ts=4:sw=4 ``` ## 參考 - https://www.cnblogs.com/woshimrf/p/shell-environment.html - https://my.oschina.net/u/347414/blog/5