# 系統環境準備 ### 開發元件與依賴庫安裝  安裝centos時選擇Server with GUI，右面的可以不勾選，後面統一來裝 #### 配置本地yum源 以上包如果缺乏可配置本地yum源進行安裝 ```bash sudo mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ [galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ sudo vim /etc/yum.repos.d/cdrom.repo [galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ cat cdrom.repo [c7-media] name=isofile baseurl=file:///mnt enable=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 [galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ sudo mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo-bak [galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ sudo mv CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Media.repo-bak [galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ sudo mv cdrom.repo CentOS-Media.repo ``` 配置好yum源後開始安裝依賴庫，如下 ```bash yum install glibc glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++ elfutils-libelf-devel gcc-c++ ``` ### 關閉防火牆 ```bash [galen@localhost ~]$ systemctl stop firewalld.service [galen@localhost ~]$ systemctl disable firewalld.service Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service. ``` 關閉selinux 編輯/etc/sysconfig/selinux檔案，儲存退出後執行 setenforce 0命令 ```bash vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux SELINUX=disabled #SELINUXTYPE=targeted #註釋掉 ``` # 建立oracle使用者、修改系統引數 ### 創oracle建使用者和組 ```bash [root@localhost galen]# groupadd oinstall [root@localhost galen]# groupadd dba [root@localhost galen]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle [root@localhost galen]# passwd oracle [root@localhost galen]# id oracle uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba) ``` ### 系統引數設定 官方推薦值： ```bash fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 #推薦超過一半的實體記憶體 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 ``` 通過 /sbin/sysctl -a |grep xxx 檢視系統各引數，如果大於官方推薦值不修改，如果小於官方推薦值則修改為官方推薦值，寫入/etc/sysctl.conf檔案中，使用sysctl -p使其生效，示例如下 ```bash [root@localhost etc]# cat sysctl.conf fs.aio-max-nr = 6815744 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 ``` 修改資源限制如下 ```bash [root@localhost etc]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf oracle soft nproc 2048 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 ``` 新增以下內容到/etc/pam.d/login ```bash [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login session required pam_limits.so ``` 新增以下內容到/etc/profile ```bash [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile if [[ $USER = "oracle" ]]; then if [[ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi ``` 儲存後執行source /etc/profile生效 配置oracle使用者環境變數，在/home/oracle/.bash_profile中加入如下內容 ```bash [root@localhost ~]# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 export ORACLE_SID=orcl export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH export LANG="en_US.UTF-8" export NLS_LANG=american_AMERICA.UTF8 export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS" ``` ### 建立oracle安裝目錄 ```bash mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app chmod -R 775 /u01/app ``` # 安裝oracle 11g 掛載oracle11g安裝包iso（也可以通過其他方式將oracle安裝包傳到主機），將安裝檔案複製到oracle home目錄下，修改檔案許可權給oracle使用者 ```bash [root@localhost /]# mkdir /mnt/oracle11g [root@localhost /]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/oracle11g/ [root@localhost /]# cp -r /mnt/oracle11g /home/oracle/ # 複製到oracle home目錄下並修改許可權 [root@localhost oracle]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oracle11g/ [root@localhost oracle]# chmod -R 775 /home/oracle/oracle11g/ ``` 接下來使用oracle使用者登入桌面  執行./runInstaller開始安裝，Centos 7安裝的時候錯誤彈框有時候會變成一條豎線，安裝無法進行下去，所以執行時執行 ```bash ./runInstaller -jreLoc /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0 ```  每項操作如下 [Configure Security Updates] 取消勾選 I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support，Next [Installation Option] Install database software only，Next [Grid Options] Next [Product Languages] Next [Enterprise Edition] Next [Installation Location] Next [Create Inventory] Next [Operating System Groups] Next [Prerequisite Checks] Next [Summary] Finish，開始安裝oracle 11g 安裝到84%的時候可能會出現ins_ctx.mk相關的錯誤，如下  修改/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk檔案 ```bash # 原始檔 ctxhx: $(CTXHXOBJ) $(LINK_CTXHX) $(CTXHXOBJ) $(INSO_LINK) # 修改為 ctxhx: $(CTXHXOBJ) -static $(LINK_CTXHX) $(CTXHXOBJ) $(INSO_LINK) /usr/lib64/stdc.a ``` 修改/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk檔案 ```bash # 原始檔 $(SYSMANBIN)emdctl: $(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) # 修改為 $(SYSMANBIN)emdctl: $(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11 ``` retry繼續安裝到94%時，彈出  使用root使用者ssh到主機到上述目錄分別執行orainstRoot.sh與root.sh，執行root.sh時根據提示填入路徑 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin，執行完成後到UI點選OK，安裝完成 # 環境配置指令碼 1. 使用root使用者登入 2. 確保系統iso驅動器已連線（/dev/cdrom可mount） 3. 複製指令碼到主機並給予可執行許可權，執行指令碼完成後即可開始安裝oracle 11g oracle 11g環境配置指令碼 ```bash #!/bin/bash # 配置yum源為本地iso function set_yum_media() { cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ for repo_file in `ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ | grep -v Media` do new_file=$repo_file.bak mv $repo_file $new_file done mkdir -p /mnt/media-dir mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/media-dir sed -i -e 's/baseurl=file:\/\/\/.*/baseurl=file:\/\/\/mnt\/media-dir\//g' -e 's/enabled=0/enabled=1/g' `ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ | grep Media` cd - rm -rf /var/run/yum.pid yum -y update } function install_packages() { for package in glibc glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++ elfutils-libelf-devel gcc-c++ do yum -y install $package done } function create_oracle_user() { groupadd oinstall groupadd dba useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle # 設定oracle使用者密碼為oracle echo oracle|passwd --stdin oracle } function set_system_parm() { sed -i '$a\fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576' /etc/sysctl.conf sed -i '$a\fs.file-max = 6815744' /etc/sysctl.conf sed -i '$a\kernel.shmall = 2097152' /etc/sysctl.conf sed -i '$a\kernel.shmmax = 536870912' /etc/sysctl.conf sed -i '$a\kernel.shmmni = 4096' /etc/sysctl.conf sed -i '$a\kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128' /etc/sysctl.conf sed -i '$a\net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500' /etc/sysctl.conf sed -i '$a\net.core.rmem_default = 262144' /etc/sysctl.conf sed -i '$a\net.core.rmem_max = 4194304' /etc/sysctl.conf sed -i '$a\net.core.wmem_default = 262144' /etc/sysctl.conf sed -i '$a\net.core.wmem_max = 1048586' /etc/sysctl.conf sysctl -p } function set_system_limit_parm() { sed -i '$a\oracle soft nproc 2048' /etc/security/limits.conf sed -i '$a\oracle hard nproc 16384' /etc/security/limits.conf sed -i '$a\oracle soft nofile 1024' /etc/security/limits.conf sed -i '$a\oracle hard nofile 65536' /etc/security/limits.conf sed -i '$a\oracle soft stack 10240' /etc/security/limits.conf } function set_profile_parm() { sed -i '$a\session required pam_limits.so' /etc/pam.d/login sed -i '$a\if [[ $USER = "oracle" ]]; then' /etc/profile sed -i '$a\ if [[ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]]; then' /etc/profile sed -i '$a\ ulimit -p 16384' /etc/profile sed -i '$a\ ulimit -n 65536' /etc/profile sed -i '$a\ else' /etc/profile sed -i '$a\ ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536' /etc/profile sed -i '$a\ fi' /etc/profile sed -i '$a\fi' /etc/profile source /etc/profile } function set_oracle_env() { sed -i '$a\export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle' /home/oracle/.bash_profile sed -i '$a\export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1' /home/oracle/.bash_profile sed -i '$a\export ORACLE_SID=orcl' /home/oracle/.bash_profile sed -i '$a\export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH' /home/oracle/.bash_profile sed -i '$a\export LANG="en_US.UTF-8"' /home/oracle/.bash_profile sed -i '$a\export NLS_LANG=american_AMERICA.UTF8' /home/oracle/.bash_profile sed -i '$a\export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"' /home/oracle/.bash_profile source /home/oracle/.bash_profile } function create_oracle_dir() { mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app chmod -R 775 /u01/app } function disable_firewall() { systemctl stop firewalld.service systemctl disable firewalld.service sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux setenforce 0 } if [ `whoami` == "root" ] then set_yum_media install_packages create_oracle_user echo "set system parm" set_system_parm echo "set limits" set_system_limit_parm echo "set /etc/profile" set_profile_parm echo "set oracle env" set_oracle_env echo "create oracle dir" create_oracle_dir echo "disable firwall" disable_firewall