1. 程式人生 > >Spring Boot優雅地處理404異常

Spring Boot優雅地處理404異常

## 背景 在使用SpringBoot的過程中,你肯定遇到過404錯誤。比如下面的程式碼: ```java @RestController @RequestMapping(value = "/hello") public class HelloWorldController { @RequestMapping("/test") public Object getObject1(HttpServletRequest request){ Response response = new Response(); response.success("請求成功..."); response.setResponseTime(); return response; } } ``` 當我們使用錯誤的請求地址(POST http://127.0.0.1:8888/hello/test1?id=98)進行請求時,會報下面的錯誤: ```tex { "timestamp": "2020-11-19T08:30:48.844+0000", "status": 404, "error": "Not Found", "message": "No message available", "path": "/hello/test1" } ``` 雖然上面的返回很清楚,但是我們的介面需要返回統一的格式,比如: ```json { "rtnCode":"9999", "rtnMsg":"404 /hello/test1 Not Found" } ``` 這時候你可能會想有Spring的統一異常處理,在Controller類上加@RestControllerAdvice註解。但是這種做法並不能統一處理404錯誤。 ## 404錯誤產生的原因 產生404的原因是我們調了一個不存在的介面,但是為什麼會返回下面的json報錯呢?我們先從Spring的原始碼分析下。 ```json { "timestamp": "2020-11-19T08:30:48.844+0000", "status": 404, "error": "Not Found", "message": "No message available", "path": "/hello/test1" } ``` 為了程式碼簡單起見,這邊直接從DispatcherServlet的doDispatch方法開始分析。(如果不知道為什麼要從這邊開始,你還要熟悉下SpringMVC的原始碼)。 ```java ... 省略部分程式碼.... // Actually invoke the handler. mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler()); ... 省略部分程式碼 ``` Spring MVC會根據請求URL的不同,配置的RequestMapping的不同,為請求匹配不同的HandlerAdapter。 對於上面的請求地址:匹配到的HandlerAdapter是HttpRequestHandlerAdapter。 我們直接進入到HttpRequestHandlerAdapter中看下這個類的handle方法。 ```java @Override @Nullable public ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { ((HttpRequestHandler) handler).handleRequest(request, response); return null; } ``` 這個方法沒什麼內容,直接是呼叫了HttpRequestHandler類的handleRequest(request, response)方法。所以直接進入這個方法看下吧。 ```java @Override public void handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // For very general mappings (e.g. "/") we need to check 404 first Resource resource = getResource(request); if (resource == null) { logger.trace("No matching resource found - returning 404"); // 這個方法很簡單,就是設定404響應碼,然後將Response的errorState狀態從0設定成1 response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND); // 直接返回 return; } ... 省略部分方法 } ``` 這個方法很簡單,就是設定404響應碼,將Response的errorState狀態從0設定成1,然後就返回響應了。**整個過程並沒有發生任何異常,所以不能觸發Spring的全域性異常處理機制**。 到這邊還有一個問題沒有解決:就是下面的404提示資訊是怎麼返回的。 ```json { "timestamp": "2020-11-19T08:30:48.844+0000", "status": 404, "error": "Not Found", "message": "No message available", "path": "/hello/test1" } ``` 我們繼續往下看。Response響應被返回,進入org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve類的invoke方法進行處理。(不要問我為什麼知道是在這裡?Debug的能力是需要自己摸索出來的,自己除錯多了,你也就會了) ```java @Override public final void invoke(Request request, Response response) throws IOException, ServletException { Context context = request.getContext(); if (context == null) { response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, sm.getString("standardHost.noContext")); return; } if (request.isAsyncSupported()) { request.setAsyncSupported(context.getPipeline().isAsyncSupported()); } boolean asyncAtStart = request.isAsync(); boolean asyncDispatching = request.isAsyncDispatching(); try { context.bind(Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED, MY_CLASSLOADER); if (!asyncAtStart && !context.fireRequestInitEvent(request.getRequest())) { return; } try { if (!asyncAtStart || asyncDispatching) { context.getPipeline().getFirst().invoke(request, response); } else { if (!response.isErrorReportRequired()) { throw new IllegalStateException(sm.getString("standardHost.asyncStateError")); } } } catch (Throwable t) { ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t); container.getLogger().error("Exception Processing " + request.getRequestURI(), t); if (!response.isErrorReportRequired()) { request.setAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_EXCEPTION, t); throwable(request, response, t); } } response.setSuspended(false); Throwable t = (Throwable) request.getAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_EXCEPTION); if (!context.getState().isAvailable()) { return; } // 在這裡判斷請求是不是發生了錯誤,錯誤的話就進入StandardHostValve的status(Request request, Response response)方法。 // Look for (and render if found) an application level error page if (response.isErrorReportRequired()) { if (t != null) { throwable(request, response, t); } else { status(request, response); } } if (!request.isAsync() && !asyncAtStart) { context.fireRequestDestroyEvent(request.getRequest()); } } finally { // Access a session (if present) to update last accessed time, based // on a strict interpretation of the specification if (ACCESS_SESSION) { request.getSession(false); } context.unbind(Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED, MY_CLASSLOADER); } } ``` 這個方法會根據返回的響應判斷是不是發生了錯了,如果發生了error,則進入StandardHostValve的status(Request request, Response response)方法。這個方法“兜兜轉轉”又進入了StandardHostValve的custom(Request request, Response response,ErrorPage errorPage)方法。這個方法中將請求重新forward到了"/error"介面。 ```java private boolean custom(Request request, Response response, ErrorPage errorPage) { if (container.getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) { container.getLogger().debug("Processing " + errorPage); } try { // Forward control to the specified location ServletContext servletContext = request.getContext().getServletContext(); RequestDispatcher rd = servletContext.getRequestDispatcher(errorPage.getLocation()); if (rd == null) { container.getLogger().error( sm.getString("standardHostValue.customStatusFailed", errorPage.getLocation())); return false; } if (response.isCommitted()) { rd.include(request.getRequest(), response.getResponse()); } else { // Reset the response (keeping the real error code and message) response.resetBuffer(true); response.setContentLength(-1); // 1: 重新forward請求到/error介面 rd.forward(request.getRequest(), response.getResponse()); response.setSuspended(false); } return true; } catch (Throwable t) { ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t); container.getLogger().error("Exception Processing " + errorPage, t); return false; } } ``` 上面標號1處的程式碼重新將請求forward到了/error介面。所以如果我們開著Debug日誌的話,你會在後臺看到下面的日誌。 ```tex [http-nio-8888-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:891 - DispatcherServlet with name 'dispatcherServlet' processing POST request for [/error] 2020-11-19 19:04:04.280 [http-nio-8888-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping:313 - Looking up handler method for path /error 2020-11-19 19:04:04.281 [http-nio-8888-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping:320 - Returning handler method [public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)] 2020-11-19 19:04:04.281 [http-nio-8888-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory:255 - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'basicErrorController' ``` 上面是/error的請求日誌。到這邊還是沒說明為什麼能返回json格式的404返回格式。我們繼續往下看。 到這邊為止,我們好像沒有任何線索了。但是如果仔細看上面日誌的話,你會發現這個介面的處理方法是: ```txt org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)] ``` 我們開啟BasicErrorController這個類的原始碼,一切豁然開朗。 ```java @Controller @RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}") public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController { @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html") public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); Map model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes( request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML))); response.setStatus(status.value()); ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model); return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView); } @RequestMapping @ResponseBody public ResponseEntity> error(HttpServletRequest request) { Map body = getErrorAttributes(request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL)); HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); return new ResponseEntity>(body, status); } ... 省略部分方法 } ``` BasicErrorController是Spring預設配置的一個Controller,預設處理/error請求。BasicErrorController提供兩種返回錯誤一種是頁面返回、當你是頁面請求的時候就會返回頁面,另外一種是json請求的時候就會返回json錯誤。 ## 自定義404錯誤處理類 我們先看下BasicErrorController是在哪裡進行配置的。 在IDEA中,檢視BasicErrorController的usage,我們發現這個類是在ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration中自動配置的。 ```java @Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET) @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class }) // Load before the main WebMvcAutoConfiguration so that the error View is available @AutoConfigureBefore(WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class) @EnableConfigurationProperties({ ServerProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class }) public class ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration { @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorController.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public BasicErrorController basicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) { return new BasicErrorController(errorAttributes, this.serverProperties.getError(), this.errorViewResolvers); } ... 省略部分程式碼 } ``` 從上面的配置中可以看出來,只要我們自己配置一個ErrorController,就可以覆蓋掉BasicErrorController的行為。 ```java @Controller @RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}") public class CustomErrorController extends BasicErrorController { @Value("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}") private String path; public CustomErrorController(ServerProperties serverProperties) { super(new DefaultErrorAttributes(), serverProperties.getError()); } /** * 覆蓋預設的JSON響應 */ @Override public ResponseEntity> error(HttpServletRequest request) { HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); Map map = new HashMap(16); Map originalMsgMap = getErrorAttributes(request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL)); String path = (String)originalMsgMap.get("path"); String error = (String)originalMsgMap.get("error"); String message = (String)originalMsgMap.get("message"); StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(",","[","]"); joiner.add(path).add(error).add(message); map.put("rtnCode", "9999"); map.put("rtnMsg", joiner.toString()); return new ResponseEntity>(map, status); } /** * 覆蓋預設的HTML響應 */ @Override public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { //請求的狀態 HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); response.setStatus(getStatus(request).value()); Map model = getErrorAttributes(request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)); ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model); //指定自定義的檢視 return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView); } } ``` 預設的錯誤路徑是/error,我們可以通過以下配置進行覆蓋: ```yaml server: error: path: /xxx ``` 更詳細的內容請參考Spring Boot的章節。 ## 簡單總結 - 如果在過濾器(Filter)中發生異常,或者呼叫的介面不存在,Spring會直接將Response的errorStatus狀態設定成1,將http響應碼設定為500或者404,Tomcat檢測到errorStatus為1時,會將請求重現forward到/error介面; - 如果請求已經進入了Controller的處理方法,這時發生了異常,如果沒有配置Spring的全域性異常機制,那麼請求還是會被forward到/error介面,如果配置了全域性異常處理,Controller中的異常會被捕獲; - 繼承BasicErrorController就可以覆蓋原有的錯誤處理