#### 樹莓派安裝 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 碰壁指南 > 裝置 Raspberry 4B 4+32G > > 系統 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS #### 1.映象下載與燒錄 映象下載地址:https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/20.04.1/release/ubuntu-20.04.1-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi.img.xz > 燒錄工具 **SD Card Formatter** **Win32DiskImager** #### 2.啟用root賬戶 輸入命令後根據提示操作 ~~~bash su passwd root ~~~ #### 3.無線網路連線初始化 進入netplan配置資料夾 ```bash cd /etc/netplan/ ``` 配置無線網 ```bash sudo vim 50-cloud-init.yaml ``` 配置如下，僅供參考 ~~~yaml # This file is generated from information provided by the datasource. Changes # to it will not persist across an instance reboot. To disable cloud-init's # network configuration capabilities, write a file # /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following: # network: {config: disabled} network: ethernets: eth0: dhcp4: true optional: true version: 2 wifis: wlan0: dhcp4: true optional: true access-points: "你的無線網路名稱": password: "123456789" ~~~ 注意在冒號後面，記得要有個空格或者換行 啟用配置 ```shell sudo netplan try sudo netplan apply systemctl daemon-reload ``` #### 4.更換樹莓派國內映象源 ~~~ sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list ~~~ 我全部更換為阿里映象源，最終配置如下 ~~~properties ## Note, this file is written by cloud-init on first boot of an instance ## modifications made here will not survive a re-bundle. ## if you wish to make changes you can: ## a.) add 'apt_preserve_sources_list: true' to /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg ## or do the same in user-data ## b.) add sources in /etc/apt/sources.list.d ## c.) make changes to template file /etc/cloud/templates/sources.list.tmpl # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. #deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal main restricted deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted # deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. #deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates main restricted deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted # deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates main restricted ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team. #deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal universe deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal universe # deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal universe #deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates universe deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates universe # deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. #deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal multiverse # deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal multiverse #deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates multiverse # deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates multiverse ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. #deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner #deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security main restricted deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security main restricted # deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security main restricted #deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security universe deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security universe # deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security universe #deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security multiverse # deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security multiverse ~~~ 重新整理映象源 ~~~shell source source.list apt get update apt get upgrade ~~~ #### 4.啟用SSH（*） ~~~bash sudo apt install openssh-server ~~~ > 檢視`ssh`狀態  > 防火牆埠放行SSH ~~~bash ufw allow ssh ~~~ 嘗試一下用預設賬戶連線(我嘗試失敗，您可以一試) > 方法一:修改`sshd_config` > > > 參考 https://blog.csdn.net/john1337/article/details/109465781 修改配置檔案 ```bash sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config ``` 在vim中搜索定位PermitRootLogin，可直接查詢： ```bash /PermitRootLogin ``` > 修改以下配置： > 33 #LoginGraceTime 2m > 34 #PermitRootLogin prohibit-password > 35 #StrictModes yes > 36 #MaxAuthTries 6 > 37 #MaxSessions 10 修改為： ```properties LoginGraceTime 2m PermitRootLogin yes StrictModes yes #MaxAuthTries 6 #MaxSessions 10 ``` 3. 重啟ssh，使配置生效 ```bash sudo service ssh restart ``` 現在可是使用root使用者登入ssh了！！！ > 方法二：建立新使用者（*） 我使用該方法完成ssh連線 不知為何預設賬戶`ubuntu`和`root`無法進行`SSH`連線認證，但是可以通過自己新增賬戶進行`SSH`連線 直接輸入 ~~~bash adduser your_username ~~~ 按照指示配置新使用者資訊，最後使用該使用者名稱稱完成SSH連線 #### 5. BT寶塔面板安裝 ~~~shell wget -O install.sh http://download.bt.cn/install/install-ubuntu_6.0.sh && bash install.sh ~~~  > **參考文件** > > 1.https://blog.csdn.net/zx3517288/article/details/109889688 > > 2.https://blog.csdn.net/john1337/article/details/109465781 > > 3.https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35975447/article/details/10