參考網上的例子，實現了簡單的matplotlib pyqt5繪圖

相關知識點：
（1）pyqt5中新增控制元件要在佈局中新增
（2）佈局可以使用replaceWidget替換控制元件
（3）訊號與槽機制

timer = QtCore.QTimer(self)
timer.timeout.connect(self.update_figure)

self.btnPlot.clicked.connect(self.plotButton_callback)

實現的效果

import sys
from PyQt5 import QtCore,QtGui,uic
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow,QAction,qApp,QApplication,QMessageBox,QVBoxLayout,QSizePolicy,QWidget

from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

qtCreatorFile = "matplotlib_ui.ui"
# 使用uic載入
Ui_MainWindow,QtBaseClass = uic.loadUiType(qtCreatorFile)

class MyMplCanvas(FigureCanvas):
  """這是一個視窗部件，即QWidget（當然也是FigureCanvasAgg）"""
  def __init__(self,parent=None,width=5,height=4,dpi=100):
    fig = Figure(figsize=(width,height),dpi=dpi)
    self.axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
    # 每次plot()呼叫的時候，我們希望原來的座標軸被清除(所以False)
    self.axes.hold(False)
    self.axes.grid('on')

    self.compute_initial_figure()

    #
    FigureCanvas.__init__(self,fig)
    self.setParent(parent)

    FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self,QSizePolicy.Expanding,QSizePolicy.Expanding)
    FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)

  def compute_initial_figure(self):
    pass

class MyStaticMplCanvas(MyMplCanvas):
  """靜態畫布：一條正弦線"""
  def compute_initial_figure(self):
    t = np.arange(0.0,3.0,0.01)
    s = np.sin(2 * np.pi * t)
    self.axes.grid('on')
    self.axes.plot(t,s)


class MyDynamicMplCanvas(MyMplCanvas):
  """動態畫布：每秒自動更新，更換一條折線。"""
  def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
    MyMplCanvas.__init__(self,**kwargs)
    timer = QtCore.QTimer(self)
    timer.timeout.connect(self.update_figure)
    timer.start(1000)

  def compute_initial_figure(self):
    self.axes.grid('on')
    self.axes.plot([0,1,2,3],[1,4],'r')

  def update_figure(self):
    # 構建4個隨機整數，位於閉區間[0,10]
    l = [np.random.randint(0,10) for i in range(4)]
    self.axes.grid('on')
    self.axes.plot([0,l,'r')
    self.draw()

class MyApp(QMainWindow,Ui_MainWindow):

  def __init__(self):
    QMainWindow.__init__(self)
    Ui_MainWindow.__init__(self)
    super().__init__()

    self.initUI()
    self.initBtn()
    self.initFrame()

  def initFrame(self):
    self.main_widget = self.frame
    self.layout = QVBoxLayout(self.main_widget)
    self.f = MyMplCanvas(self.main_widget)
    self.layout.addWidget(self.f)

  def initUI(self):        

    self.setupUi(self)
    self.setWindowTitle("PyQt5結合Matplotlib繪圖")
    self.setWindowIcon(QIcon("rocket.ico"))  # 設定圖示，linux下只有工作列會顯示圖示

    self.show()

  def initBtn(self):
    self.btnPlot.clicked.connect(self.plotButton_callback)
    self.btnPlot.setToolTip("Button")     

  def plotButton_callback(self):

    self.drawFrame()

  def drawFrame(self):

    sc = MyStaticMplCanvas(self.main_widget,dpi=100)
    dc = MyDynamicMplCanvas(self.f,dpi=100)
    self.layout.addWidget(sc)
    self.layout.replaceWidget(self.f,dc) # 替換控制元件

if __name__ == '__main__':

  app = QApplication(sys.argv)
  ex = MyApp()
  sys.exit(app.exec_())

參考連結：https://www.cnblogs.com/hhh5460/p/4322652.html

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