LNMMP架構實現Web動靜分離
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-10-09
北城書生 的BLOG
http://scholar.blog.51cto.com/9985645/1661861
前言
前 面的文章中說過LAMP架構包括：Linux作業系統，Apache網站伺服器，MySQL資料庫，Perl、PHP或者Python程式語言，而今天要 說的LNMMP和LAMP類似，只是作為Web伺服器的不再是Apache而是高效能的Nginx，同時引進Memcached加速快取效率，用於加快 訪問速度。
Memcached是一款開源、高效能、分散式記憶體物件快取系統，可應用各種需要快取的場景，其主要目的是通過降低對資料庫的訪問來加速Web應用程式。它是一個基於記憶體的“鍵值對”儲存，用於儲存資料庫呼叫、API呼叫或頁面引用結果的直接資料，如字串、物件等。
實現過程
實驗拓撲
實驗環境
系統環境：CentOS6.6
web伺服器：172.16.10.123 nginx-1.6.3
PHP伺服器：172.16.10.110 php-5.4.26
資料庫伺服器：172.16.10.211MariaDB-5.5.36
Memcached伺服器：172.16.10.212memcached-1.4.24
工作原理
利用nginx的高效能特點做前端反向代理伺服器，分發使用者請求，靜態請求直接返回結果，動態請求交給後端php處理，php查詢資料庫返回處理結果，並將結果快取至Memcached，當接收新請求時，php首先在Memcached查詢，Memcached有結果直接返還給nginx，沒結果再查詢資料庫，依次類推。
安裝配置nginx
| 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728 | #解決依賴關係[[email protected]~]#yumgroupinstall"DevelopmentTools""ServerPlatformDeveopment"-y[[email protected]~]#yuminstallopenssl-develpcre-devel-y[[email protected]~]#groupadd-rnginx[[email protected]~]#useradd-r-gnginxnginx[[email protected]~]#tarxfnginx-1.6.3.tar.gz[[email protected]~]#cdnginx-1.6.3[[email protected]nginx-1.6.3]#./configure\>--prefix=/usr/local/nginx\>--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx\>--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf\>--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log\>--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log\>--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid\>--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock\>--user=nginx\>--group=nginx\>--with-http_ssl_module\>--with-http_flv_module\>--with-http_stub_status_module\>--with-http_gzip_static_module\>--http-client-body-temp-path=/usr/local/nginx/client/\>--http-proxy-temp-path=/usr/local/nginx/proxy/\>--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/usr/local/nginx/fcgi/\>--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/usr/local/nginx/uwsgi\>--http-scgi-temp-path=/usr/local/nginx/scgi\>--with-pcre[[email protected]nginx-1.6.3]#make&&makeinstall |
為nginx提供SysV init指令碼
| 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129 | [[email protected]~]#vim/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx#新建檔案/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx，內容如下：#!/bin/sh##nginx-thisscriptstartsandstopsthenginxdaemon##chkconfig:-8515#description:NginxisanHTTP(S)server,HTTP(S)reverse\#proxyandIMAP/POP3proxyserver#processname:nginx#config:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf#config:/etc/sysconfig/nginx#pidfile:/var/run/nginx.pid#Sourcefunctionlibrary../etc/rc.d/init.d/functions#Sourcenetworkingconfiguration../etc/sysconfig/network#Checkthatnetworkingisup.["$NETWORKING"="no"]&&exit0nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"prog=$(basename$nginx)NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"[-f/etc/sysconfig/nginx]&&./etc/sysconfig/nginxlockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginxmake_dirs(){#makerequireddirectoriesuser=`nginx-V2>&1|grep"configurearguments:"|sed's/[^*]*--user=\([^]*\).*/\1/g'-`options=`$nginx-V2>&1|grep'configurearguments:'`foroptin$options;doif[`echo$opt|grep'.*-temp-path'`];thenvalue=`echo$opt|cut-d"="-f2`if[!-d"$value"];then#echo"creating"$valuemkdir-p$value&&chown-R$user$valuefifidone}start(){[-x$nginx]||exit5[-f$NGINX_CONF_FILE]||exit6make_dirsecho-n$"Starting$prog:"daemon$nginx-c$NGINX_CONF_FILEretval=$?echo[$retval-eq0]&&touch$lockfilereturn$retval}stop(){echo-n$"Stopping$prog:"killproc$prog-QUITretval=$?echo[$retval-eq0]&&rm-f$lockfilereturn$retval}restart(){configtest||return$?stopsleep1start}reload(){configtest||return$?echo-n$"Reloading$prog:"killproc$nginx-HUPRETVAL=$?echo}force_reload(){restart}configtest(){$nginx-t-c$NGINX_CONF_FILE}rh_status(){status$prog}rh_status_q(){rh_status>/dev/null2>&1}case"$1"instart)rh_status_q&&exit0$1;;stop)rh_status_q||exit0$1;;restart|configtest)$1;;reload)rh_status_q||exit7$1;;force-reload)force_reload;;status)rh_status;;condrestart|try-restart)rh_status_q||exit0;;*)echo$"Usage:$0{start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"exit2esac |
為指令碼賦予執行許可權
| 1 | [[email protected]~]#chmod+x/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx |
新增至服務管理列表，並讓其開機自動啟動
| 12 | [[email protected]~]#chkconfig--addnginx[[email protected]~]#chkconfignginxon |
配置nginx
| 1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556 | [[email protected]~]#vim/etc/nginx/nginx.confworker_processes2;#worker程序的個數error_log/var/log/nginx/error.lognotice;#錯誤日誌路徑及級別events{worker_connections1024;#每個worker能夠併發響應的最大請求數}http{includemime.types;#支援多媒體型別default_typeapplication/octet-stream;sendfileon;#由核心直接轉發#keepalive_timeout0;keepalive_timeout5;#持久連線5sgzipon;#開啟壓縮功能server{listen80;server_namebbs.scholar.com;add_headerX-via$server_addr;#讓客戶端能夠看到代理伺服器的IPlocation/{root/www/bbs;indexindex.phpindex.htmlindex.htm;}location~*\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|js|css)${#匹配靜態內容root/www/bbs;}location~\.php${#匹配動態內容root/www/bbs;fastcgi_pass172.16.10.110:9000;#代理到的伺服器fastcgi_indexindex.php;fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_FILENAMEscripts$fastcgi_script_name;includefastcgi_params;}}}[[email protected]~]#vim/etc/nginx/fastcgi_paramsfastcgi_paramGATEWAY_INTERFACECGI/1.1;fastcgi_paramSERVER_SOFTWAREnginx;fastcgi_paramQUERY_STRING$query_string;fastcgi_paramREQUEST_METHOD$request_method;fastcgi_paramCONTENT_TYPE$content_type;fastcgi_paramCONTENT_LENGTH$content_length;fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_FILENAME$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_NAME$fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_paramREQUEST_URI$request_uri;fastcgi_paramDOCUMENT_URI$document_uri;fastcgi_paramDOCUMENT_ROOT$document_root;fastcgi_paramSERVER_PROTOCOL$server_protocol;fastcgi_paramREMOTE_ADDR$remote_addr;fastcgi_paramREMOTE_PORT$remote_port;fastcgi_paramSERVER_ADDR$server_addr;fastcgi_paramSERVER_PORT$server_port;fastcgi_paramSERVER_NAME$server_name;[[email protected]~]#servicenginxstart |
安裝配置memcached
| 123456789101112131415 | #解決依賴關係[[email protected]~]#yumgroupinstall"DevelopmentTools""ServerPlatformDeveopment"-y#安裝libevent#memcached依賴於libeventAPI，因此要事先安裝之[[email protected]~]#tarxflibevent-2.0.22-stable.tar.gz[[email protected]~]#cdlibevent-2.0.22-stable[[email protected]libevent-2.0.22-stable]#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/libevent[[email protected]libevent-2.0.22-stable]#make&&makeinstall[[email protected]~]#echo"/usr/local/libevent/lib">/etc/ld.so.conf.d/libevent.conf[[email protected]~]#ldconfig#安裝配置memcached[[email protected]~]#tarxfmemcached-1.4.24.tar.tar[[email protected]~]#cdmemcached-1.4.24[[email protected]memcached-1.4.24]#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/memcached--with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent[[email protected]memcached-1.4.24]#make&&makeinstall |
提供指令碼
| 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485 | [[email protected]~]#vim/etc/init.d/memcached#!/bin/bash##Initfileformemcached##chkconfig:-8614#description:Distributedmemorycachingdaemon##processname:memcached#config:/etc/sysconfig/memcached./etc/rc.d/init.d/functions##DefaultvariablesPORT="11211"USER="nobody"MAXCONN="1024"CACHESIZE="64"OPTIONS=""RETVAL=0prog="/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached"desc="Distributedmemorycaching"lockfile="/var/lock/subsys/memcached"start(){echo-n$"Starting$desc(memcached):"daemon$prog-d-p$PORT-u$USER-c$MAXCONN-m$CACHESIZE-o"$OPTIONS"RETVAL=$?[$RETVAL-eq0]&&success&&touch$lockfile||failureechoreturn$RETVAL}stop(){echo-n$"Shuttingdown$desc(memcached):"killproc$progRETVAL=$?[$RETVAL-eq0]&&success&&rm-f$lockfile||failureechoreturn$RETVAL}restart(){stopstart}reload(){echo-n$"Reloading$desc($prog):"killproc$prog-HUPRETVAL=$?[$RETVAL-eq0]&&success||failureechoreturn$RETVAL}case"$1"instart)start;;stop)stop;;restart)restart;;condrestart)[-e$lockfile]&&restartRETVAL=$?;;reload)reload;;status)status$progRETVAL=$?;;*)echo$"Usage:$0{start|stop|restart|condrestart|status}"RETVAL=1esacexit$RETVAL |
授權並啟動服務
| 1234 | [[email protected]~]#vim/etc/init.d/memcached[[email protected]~]#chmod+x/etc/init.d/memcached[[email protected]~]#chkconfig--addmemcached[[email protected]~]#servicememcachedstart |
安裝配置php
| 123456789101112 | #解決依賴關係[[email protected]~]#yumgroupinstall"Developmenttools""ServerPlatformDevelopment"-y[[email protected]~]#yum-ygroupinstall"DesktopPlatformDevelopment"[[email protected]~]#yum-yinstallbzip2-devellibmcrypt-devel[[email protected]~]#tarxfphp-5.4.26.tar.bz2[[email protected]~]#cdphp-5.4.26[[email protected]php-5.4.26]#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/php--with-mysql=mysqlnd--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd--with-mysqli=mysqlnd--enable-mbstring--with-freetype-dir--with-jpeg-dir--with-png-dir--with-zlib--with-libxml-dir=/usr--enable-xml--enable-sockets--enable-fpm--with-mcrypt--with-config-file-path=/etc--with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d--with-bz2--with-openssl[[email protected]php-5.4.26]#make&&makeinstall |
提供配置檔案
| 1234567891011121314151617181920212223 | #為php提供配置檔案[[email protected]php-5.4.26]#cpphp.ini-production/etc/php.ini#為php-fpm提供指令碼[[email protected]php-5.4.26]#cpsapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm/etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm[[email protected]php-5.4.26]#chmod+x/etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm[[email protected]php-5.4.26]#chkconfig--addphp-fpm[[email protected]php-5.4.26]#chkconfigphp-fpmon#為php-fpm提供配置檔案[[email protected]php-5.4.26]#cd/usr/local/php[[email protected]php]#cpetc/php-fpm.conf.defaultetc/php-fpm.conf[[email protected]php]#vimetc/php-fpm.confpid=/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pidlisten=172.16.10.110:9000pm.max_children=25#最大子程序數pm.start_servers=5#開機預啟動子程序數pm.min_spare_servers=2#最小空閒子程序數pm.max_spare_servers=6#最大空閒子程序數 |
php安裝xcache拓展
| 12345678910111213 | [[email protected]~]#tarxfxcache-3.1.0.tar.bz2[[email protected]~]#cdxcache-3.1.0[[email protected]xcache-3.1.0]#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize[[email protected]xcache-3.1.0]#./configure--enable-xcache--with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config[[email protected]xcache-3.1.0]#make&&makeinstall[[email protected]xcache-3.1.0]#mkdir/etc/php.d[[email protected]xcache-3.1.0]#cpxcache.ini/etc/php.d/[[email protected]xcache-3.1.0]#vim/etc/php.d/xcache.ini[xcache-common];;non-Windowsexample:extension=/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/xcache.so |
php安裝memcache拓展
| 12345678910 | [[email protected]~]#tarxfmemcache-2.2.7.tgz[[email protected]~]#cdmemcache-2.2.7[[email protected]memcache-2.2.7]#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize[[email protected]memcache-2.2.7]#./configure--with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config--enable-memcache[[email protected]memcache-2.2.7]#make&&makeinstall[[email protected]memcache-2.2.7]#vim/etc/php.iniextension=/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/memcache.so[[email protected]~]#servicephp-fpmstart |
安裝配置mariadb
| 12345678 | [[email protected]~]#mkdir/mydata/data-pv[[email protected]~]#groupadd-rmysql[[email protected]~]#useradd-gmysql-rmysql[r[email protected]~]#chown-Rmysql.mysql/mydata/data[[email protected]~]#tarxfmariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64.tar.gz-C/usr/local[[email protected]~]#cd/usr/local[[email protected]local]#ln-svmariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64mysql[[email protected]local]#chown-Rroot.mysqlmysql |
提供配置及指令碼檔案
| 1234567891011 | [[email protected]local]#mkdir/etc/mysql[[email protected]local]#cdmysql[[email protected]mysql]#cp/support-files/my-large.cnf/etc/mysql/my.cnf[[email protected]mysql]#vim/etc/mysql/my.cnfdatadir=/mydata/data[[email protected]mysql]#cpsupport-files/mysql.server/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld[[email protected]mysql]#chmod+x/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld[[email protected]mysql]#chkconfig--addmysqld[[email protected]mysql]#chkconfigmysqldon |
初始化資料庫
| 12 | [[email protected]mysql]#scripts/mysql_install_db--user=mysql--datadir=/mydata/data[[email protected]~]#servicemysqldstart |
部署站點
| 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425 | [[email protected]~]#mkdir/www/bbs-pv[[email protected]~]#unzipwordpress-3.2.1-zh_CN.zip[[email protected]~]#cdwordpress[[email protected]wordpress]#mv*/www/bbs/#在web和php上分別準備站點檔案#php節點[[email protected]~]#cd/www/bbs[[email protected]bbs]#cpwp-config-sample.phpwp-config.php[[email protected]bbs]#vimwp-config.php/**WordPress資料庫的名稱*/define('DB_NAME','wpdb');/**MySQL資料庫使用者名稱*/define('DB_USER','wpuser');/**MySQL資料庫密碼*/define('DB_PASSWORD','wppass');/**MySQL主機*/define('DB_HOST','172.16.10.211');/**建立資料表時預設的文字編碼*/define('DB_CHARSET','utf8'); |
建立資料庫並授權
| 12345678 | MariaDB[(none)]>createdatabasewpdb;QueryOK,1rowaffected(0.05sec)MariaDB[(none)]>grantallonwpdb.*to[email protected]'172.16.%.%'identifiedby'wppass';QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.06sec)MariaDB[(none)]>flushprivileges;QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.03sec) |
安裝memadmin
MemAdmin是一款視覺化的Memcached管理與監控工具，使用PHP開發，體積小，操作簡單。
主要功能：
| 1234567 | 伺服器引數監控：STATS、SETTINGS、ITEMS、SLABS、SIZES實時重新整理伺服器效能監控：GET、DELETE、INCR、DECR、CAS等常用操作命中率實時監控支援資料遍歷，方便對儲存內容進行監視支援條件查詢，篩選出滿足條件的KEY或VALUE陣列、JSON等序列化字元反序列顯示相容memcache協議的其他服務，如TokyoTyrant(遍歷功能除外)支援伺服器連線池，多伺服器管理切換方便簡潔 |
| 123 | [[email protected]~]#tarxfmemadmin-1.0.12.tar.gz-C/www/bbs/#web和php端都需執行此操作 |
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Ten end
LNMMP 架構實現Web動靜分離實驗就說到這裡了，整個部署過程跟LAMP類似，朋友們部署過程遇到問題可留言交流，nginx在反向代理時還可將快取快取至 memcached伺服器，從而提高快取效能，這裡稍微一提，就不做詳解了。以上僅為個人學習整理，如有錯漏，大神勿噴~~~
本文出自 “北城書生” 部落格，請務必保留此出處http://scholar.blog.51cto.com/9985645/1661861
轉載於:https://blog.51cto.com/941012521/1695677