1. 程式人生 > 其它 >haproxy+LNMT實現動靜分離實戰

haproxy+LNMT實現動靜分離實戰

一、前言本次實驗的目的:

(1) LNMP動靜分離部署wordpress,動靜都要能實現負載均衡,要注意會話的問題;
(2) 在haproxy和後端主機之間新增varnish進行快取;
(3) haproxy的設定要求:
(a) stats page,要求僅能通過本地訪問使用管理介面;
(b) 動靜分離;
(c) 壓縮合適的內容型別;

4)最後新增一tomcat伺服器,實現動靜分離處理jsp動態請求。(補充)

二、LNMP環境搭建

1、配置nginx-dynamic

#安裝nginx和php-fpm服務
[root@dynamic ~]# yum install -y epel-release
[root@dynamic ~]# yum install -y nginx php-fpm php-mysql php-mbstring php-mcrypt

#建立nginx web根目錄
[root@dynamic ~]# mkdir -pv /data/nginx/html

#下載wordpress到指定目錄並解壓
[root@dynamic html]# cd /data/nginx/html/
[root@dynamic html]# wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
[root@dynamic html]# tar xf wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz

#建立php動態測試頁面
[root@dynamic html]# vim test.php
<html>
 <head>
  <title>PHP 測試</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 <?php echo '<p>Hello World</p>'; ?>
 </body>
</html>

#建立web根目錄的預設html和php頁面
[root@dynamic html]# vim index.html
<h1>This is dynamic</h1>
[root@dynamic html]# vim index.php
<h1>Dynamic</h1>
<?php
        phpinfo();
?>

#編輯配置/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf檔案
[root@dynamic html]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
listen = 0.0.0.0:9000
user = apache
group = apache
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
ping.path = /ping
ping.response = pong
pm.status_path = /status
slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm/www-slow.log
php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/php-fpm/www-error.log
php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
php_value[session.save_handler] = files
php_value[session.save_path] = /var/lib/php/session

#建立php-fpm的session目錄
[root@dynamic html]# mkdir /var/lib/php/session
[root@dynamic html]# chown apache /var/lib/php/session/

#編輯建立nginx的配置檔案
#注意在/etc/nginx/nginx.conf檔案中註釋下述兩個預設配置
#        listen       80 default_server;
#        listen       [::]:80 default_server;
[root@dynamic html]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/dynamic.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.ilinux.io;
        root /data/nginx/html;
        index index.html index.php;
        location ~* \.php$ {
                fastcgi_pass 192.168.0.83:9000;
                fastcgi_index index.php;
                include fastcgi_params;
                fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
        }
        location ~* ^/(ping|status)$ {
                fastcgi_pass 192.168.0.83:9000;
                include fastcgi_params;
                fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $fastcgi_script_name;

        }


#啟動nginx和php-fpm服務並調整firewalld和selinux狀態
[root@dynamic html]# systemctl start php-fpm
[root@dynamic html]# systemctl start nginx 
[root@dynamic html]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@dynamic html]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@dynamic html]# setenforce 0

2、配置nginx-static

#安裝nginx服務和mariadb-server
[root@static ~]# yum install -y epel-release mariadb-server

#配置建立wordpress資料庫
[root@static ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@static ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.56-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> create database wordpress;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on wordrpess.* to 'wpuser'@'192.168.0.%' identified by "magedu";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#建立nginx web根目錄
[root@static ~]# mkdir -pv /data/nginx/htm

#下載wordpress到指定目錄並解壓
[root@static html]# cd /data/nginx/html/
[root@static html]# wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
[root@static html]# tar xf wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz 

#建立txt文字和複製相關的圖片內容到web根目錄下作為靜態內容
[root@dynamic html]# cp /usr/share/backgrounds/*.{png,jpg} .
[root@static html]# vim poem.txt
 Quiet Night
I saw the moonlight before my couch,
And wondered if it were not the frost on the ground.
I raised my head and looked out on the mountain moon,
I bowed my head and thought of my far-off home.
by S. Obata

#配置建立web根目錄的預設html和php頁面
[root@static html]# vim index.html
<h1>This is static</h1>
[root@static html]# vim index.php
<h1>Static</h1>
<?php
        phpinfo();
?>

#編輯建立nginx的配置檔案
[root@static html]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/static.conf
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.ilinux.io;
        root /data/nginx/html;
        index index.html index.php;
        location ~* \.php$ {
                fastcgi_pass 192.168.0.83:9000;
                fastcgi_index index.php;
                include fastcgi_params;
                fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
        }
        location ~* ^/(ping|status)$ {
                fastcgi_pass 192.168.0.83:9000;
                include fastcgi_params;
                fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $fastcgi_script_name;

        }
}

#啟動nginx服務並檢查firewalld和selinux的狀態
[root@static html]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@static html]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@static html]# setenforce 0
[root@static html]# systemctl start nginx

3、配置varnish

#安裝varnish服務
[root@static ~]# yum install -y epel-release
[root@static ~]# yum install -y varnish

#配置varnish的監聽資訊和系統引數
[root@static ~]# vim /etc/varnish/varnish.params
RELOAD_VCL=1
VARNISH_VCL_CONF=/etc/varnish/default.vcl
VARNISH_LISTEN_PORT=6081
VARNISH_ADMIN_LISTEN_ADDRESS=192.168.0.87
VARNISH_ADMIN_LISTEN_PORT=6082
VARNISH_SECRET_FILE=/etc/varnish/secret
VARNISH_STORAGE="file,/data/cache/varnish_storage.bin,1G"
VARNISH_USER=varnish
VARNISH_GROUP=varnish

#建立快取目錄
[root@static ~]# mkdir -pv /data/cache
[root@static ~]# chown varnish /data/cache


#編輯配置varnish的vcl
[root@static ~]# vim /etc/varnish/default.vcl
import directors;
probe static_healthcheck {
    .url = "/index.html";
    .window = 5;
    .threshold = 4;
    .interval =2s;
    .timeout = 1s;
}

backend static {
    .host = "192.168.0.84";
    .port = "80";
    .probe = static_healthcheck;
}


sub vcl_init {
    new BE = directors.round_robin();
    BE.add_backend(static);
}

acl purgers {
    "127.0.0.1";
    "192.168.0.0/24";
}

sub vcl_recv {
    if (req.method == "GET" && req.http.cookie) {  
        return(hash);
    }
    if (req.method == "PURGE") {   
        if (client.ip ~ purgers) {
          return(purge);
        }
    }
    if (req.http.X-Forward-For) {   
        set req.http.X-Forward-For = req.http.X-Forward-For + "," + client.ip;
    } else {
        set req.http.X-Forward-For = client.ip;
    }
        set req.backend_hint = BE.backend();  
        return(hash);
}

sub vcl_backend_response {  
    if (bereq.url ~ "\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$") {
        set beresp.ttl = 1d;
    }
    if (bereq.url ~ "\.(html|css|js|txt)$") {
        set beresp.ttl = 12h;
    }
    if (beresp.http.Set-Cookie) {   
    set beresp.grace = 30m;
        return(deliver);
    }
}

sub vcl_deliver {  
    if (obj.hits > 0) {     
        set resp.http.X-Cache = "HIT from " + server.ip;
    } else {
        set resp.http.X-Cache = "MISS";
    }
}


#啟動varnish服務並調整firewalld和selinux狀態
[root@static ~]# systemctl start varnish
[root@static ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@static ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@static ~]# setenforce 0

二、HAProxy的搭建和配置

配置完後端的LNMP環境後,接著我們來配置HAproxy。

#安裝haproxy服務
[root@haproxy ~]# yum install -y haproxy

#配置HAProxy記錄日誌到本地
[root@haproxy ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
$ModLoad imudp
$UDPServerRun 514
local2.*                                                /var/log/haproxy.log
[root@haproxy ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-r"
[root@haproxy ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog

#編輯配置haproxy的配置檔案
[root@haproxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend  main *:80
    acl url_static       path_end       -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js .txt
    acl url_dynamic     path_end        -i .php
    compression algo gzip  #設定壓縮演算法為gzip
    compression type text/html text/plain image/x-png image/x-citrix-jpeg  #設定壓縮的內容型別為相關靜態內容
    use_backend static          if url_static
    use_backend dynamic     if url_dynamic
    default_backend             websrvs

backend websrvs
        balance roundrobin
        server web1 192.168.0.83:80 check  
        server web2 192.168.0.87:6081 check  

backend static  #新增varnish為靜態服務,由varnish將代理處理靜態請求
        balance roundrobin
        server srvs1 192.168.0.87:6081 check

backend dynamic
        balance roundrobin
        server dyn1 192.168.0.83:80 check

listen stats
        bind *:8080
        stats enable
        stats uri /admin?stats
        acl url_stats src 192.168.0.0/24  #配置ACL匹配本地網段
        stats admin if url_stats  #只允許匹配ACL的本地網段訪問stats的管理頁面



#啟動haproxy服務
[root@haproxy ~]# systemctl start haproxy
[root@haproxy ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@haproxy ~]# setenforce 0
[root@haproxy ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.

三、測試

  • 1)LNMP動靜分離部署wordpress,動靜都要能實現負載均衡,要注意會話的問題。
    此時訪問以.php的結尾的內容會被haproxy負載到dynamic伺服器上處理,而訪問.jpg,.png和.txt等靜態內容則被負載到static伺服器上進行處理。

由上圖所示訪問wordpres頁面的動態和靜態內容已被分開處理,靜態內容代理到varnish上進行處理,而動態內容則代理到dynamic伺服器進行處理。

此時訪問http://192.168.0.81 預設會輪詢到後端兩個伺服器上,如下所示:

[root@client ~]# for i in {1..10} ; do curl http://192.168.0.81 ; done
<h1>This is dynamic</h1>
<h1>This is static</h1>
<h1>This is dynamic</h1>
<h1>This is static</h1>
<h1>This is dynamic</h1>
<h1>This is static</h1>
<h1>This is dynamic</h1>
<h1>This is static</h1>
<h1>This is dynamic</h1>
<h1>This is static</h1>

但有些時候需要確保我們使用者每次訪問的都是同一個伺服器,此時我們就需要配置會話保持。haproxy自身提供了會話保持機制,我們可以在haproxy配置裡新增基於cookie來做的會話保持,從而實現使用者每次訪問的都是同一個伺服器,如下所示:

backend websrvs
        balance roundrobin
        cookie WEBSRV insert nocache indirect
        server web1 192.168.0.83:80 check cookie web1
        server web2 192.168.0.87:6081 check cookie web2

重啟haproxy後,使用者通過web訪問都會被排程到同一個後端伺服器。

其原理在於,haproxy會把客戶端第一次的請求由哪個後端伺服器處理,使用cookie告知給客戶端。然後客戶端之後的傳送的請求都會帶有此後端伺服器的cookie,然後haproxy通過讀取這個cookie的資訊來判斷連線請求該排程給哪個後端伺服器。

  • 2)在haproxy和後端主機之間新增varnish進行快取
    從此前的截圖上,我們已經能看到,相關的靜態內容已經被varnish快取所“HIT”中了,這說明我們快取已經生效了。
  • 3)壓縮合適的內容型別和設定stats page僅能通過本地訪問使用管理介面。
    因為我們在haproxy的配置中設定了對相關靜態內容進行壓縮,所以訪問相關靜態內容時,如果響應報文帶有相關的壓縮欄位,說明壓縮已經成功,如:

此時訪問stats頁面,因為訪問主機是本地網路,所以能夠下圖紅框中的管理操作。如果不是指定的本地網段,則只能檢視相關的stats狀態,而無法進行管理操作。

四、動靜分離jsp動態內容(補充)


在dynamic服務上部署一個tomcat服務,haproxy上將jsp相關動態內容負載均衡到dynamic伺服器的nginx服務監控的Ip和埠上,然後通過本機的nginx服務將jsp動態內容排程到tomcat上進行處理。

1、在dynamic伺服器上安裝tomcat

#事先下載相應的jdk原始碼包放置在/usr/local/src目錄下,用於編譯安裝
#編譯安裝jdk服務
[root@dynamic ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@dynamic src]# tar xf jdk-10.0.1_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz 
[root@dynamic src]# ln -sv /usr/local/src/jdk-10.0.1 /usr/local/jdk
‘/usr/local/jdk’ -> ‘/usr/local/src/jdk-10.0.1’
[root@dynamic src]# vim /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
[root@dynamic src]# source /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
[root@dynamic src]# java -version
java version "10.0.1" 2018-04-17
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment 18.3 (build 10.0.1+10)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 18.3 (build 10.0.1+10, mixed mode)

#yum安裝tomcat服務
[root@dynamic src]# yum install -y tomcat tomcat-webapps tomcat-admin-webapps tomcat-docs-webapp tomcat-lib

#配置開啟tomcat的管理頁面
[root@dynamic src]# vim /etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml 
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<role rolename="manager-gui"/> 
<user username="admin" password="magedu" roles="admin-gui,manager-gui"/>

#手動新增一個java測試頁面
[root@dynamic src]# mkdir -pv /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/javatest/{classes,lib,WEB-INF}
mkdir: created directory ‘/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/javatest’
mkdir: created directory ‘/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/javatest/classes’
mkdir: created directory ‘/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/javatest/lib’
mkdir: created directory ‘/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/javatest/WEB-INF’

[root@dynamic src]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/javatest/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
    <head><title>TomcatA</title></head>
    <body>
        <h1><font color="red">TomcatA.magedu.com</font></h1>
        <table align="centre" border="1">
            <tr>
                <td>Session ID</td>
            <% session.setAttribute("magedu.com","magedu.com"); %>
                <td><%= session.getId() %></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Created on</td>
                <td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
            </tr>
        </table>
    </body>
</html>

#配置編輯tomcat的serve.xml檔案
[root@dynamic src]# vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml
      <Host name="192.168.0.83"  appBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/"    #定義javatest訪問路徑
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">


#啟動tomcat服務
[root@dynamic src]# systemctl start tomcat

#配置nginx服務將jsp動態內容代理到tomcat監聽的埠
[root@dynamic src]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/dynamic.conf
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.ilinux.io;
        root /data/nginx/html;
        index index.html index.php;
        location ~* \.php$ {
                fastcgi_pass 192.168.0.83:9000;
                fastcgi_index index.php;
                include fastcgi_params;
                fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
        }
        location ~* ^/(ping|status)$ {
                fastcgi_pass 192.168.0.83:9000;
                include fastcgi_params;
                fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $fastcgi_script_name;

        }  
        location ~* /javatest\.* {  #把java動態內容的URI路徑代理至tomcat
                proxy_pass http://192.168.0.83:8080;
        }
        location ~* \.(jsp|do)$ {    #將以.jsp和.do的動態內容代理到tomcat進行處理
                proxy_pass http://192.168.0.83:8080;
        }
}

#過載nginx服務
[root@dynamic src]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@dynamic src]# nginx -s reload

2、修改haproxy負載代理jsp動態內容

#修改haproxy配置檔案中的fontend配置段的內容
[root@haproxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg 
frontend  main *:80
    acl url_static       path_end       -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js .txt
    acl url_dynamic     path_end        -i .php .jsp .do  #在url_dynamic ACL中新增以.jsp,.do為字尾的動態內容
    acl url_java    path_beg        -i /javatest  #新增tomcat動態內容的路徑
    compression algo gzip
    compression type text/css text/html text/plain image/x-png image/x-citrix-jpeg
    use_backend static          if url_static
    use_backend dynamic     if url_dynamic
    use_backend dynamic     if url_java
    default_backend             websrvs

#重啟haproxy服務
[root@haproxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy

上述截圖說明tomcat的jsp動態內容能夠被haproxy正常負載排程到tomcat伺服器上,而此時相應的靜態內容依舊能正常訪問。



來自為知筆記(Wiz)