1. 程式人生 > 實用技巧 >噓!偷窺鵝廠運維專家,讓Linux核心奔跑起來不得不說的祕密

噓!偷窺鵝廠運維專家,讓Linux核心奔跑起來不得不說的祕密

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演算法(Algorithm)是指解題方案的準確而完整的描述,是一系列解決問題的清晰指令,演算法代表著用系統的方法描述解決問題的策略機制。也就是說,能夠對一定規範的輸入,在有限時間內獲得所要求的輸出。如果一個演算法有缺陷,或不適合於某個問題,執行這個演算法將不會解決這個問題。不同的演算法可能用不同的時間、空間或效率來完成同樣的任務。一個演算法的優劣可以用空間複雜度與時間複雜度來衡量。

特徵
一個演算法應該具有以下五個重要的特徵:
有窮性
(Finiteness)
演算法的有窮性是指演算法必須能在執行有限個步驟之後終止;
確切性
(Definiteness)
演算法的每一步驟必須有確切的定義;
輸入項

(Input)
一個演算法有0個或多個輸入,以刻畫運算物件的初始情況,所謂0個輸入是指演算法本身定出了初始條件;
輸出項
(Output)
一個演算法有一個或多個輸出,以反映對輸入資料加工後的結果。沒有輸出的演算法是毫無意義的;
可行性
(Effectiveness)
演算法中執行的任何計算步驟都是可以被分解為基本的可執行的操作步,即每個計算步都可以在有限時間內完成(也稱之為有效性)。

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