第三十章 Ansible Roles簡介和playbook的複用
阿新 • • 發佈:2020-10-27
2020年09月27日(第三十四課)
一、Ansible Roles簡介
1.概述
roles不管是Ansible還是saltstack,我在寫一鍵部署的時候,都不可能把所有的步驟全部寫入到一個'劇本'檔案當中,我們肯定需要把不同的工作模組,拆分開來,解耦,那麼說到解耦,我們就需要用到roles官方推薦,因為roles的目錄結構層次更加清晰。 例如:我們之前推薦大家寫一個base.yml裡面寫所有基礎優化的專案,其實把所有東西摞進去也是很雞肋的,不如我們把這些功能全部拆分開,誰需要使用,就呼叫即可。 建議:每個roles最好只使用一個tasks這樣方便我們去呼叫,能夠很好的做到解耦。(SOA)
2.目錄結構
production # inventory file for production servers staging # inventory file for staging environment group_vars/ group1.yml # here we assign variables to particular groups group2.yml host_vars/ hostname1.yml # here we assign variables to particular systems hostname2.yml library/ # if any custom modules, put them here (optional) module_utils/ # if any custom module_utils to support modules, put them here (optional) filter_plugins/ # if any custom filter plugins, put them here (optional) site.yml # master playbook webservers.yml # playbook for webserver tier dbservers.yml # playbook for dbserver tier roles/ common/ # this hierarchy represents a "role" tasks/ # main.yml # <-- tasks file can include smaller files if warranted handlers/ # main.yml # <-- handlers file templates/ # <-- files for use with the template resource ntp.conf.j2 # <------- templates end in .j2 files/ # bar.txt # <-- files for use with the copy resource foo.sh # <-- script files for use with the script resource vars/ # main.yml # <-- variables associated with this role defaults/ # main.yml # <-- default lower priority variables for this role meta/ # main.yml # <-- role dependencies library/ # roles can also include custom modules module_utils/ # roles can also include custom module_utils lookup_plugins/ # or other types of plugins, like lookup in this case webtier/ # same kind of structure as "common" was above, done for the webtier role monitoring/ # "" fooapp/ # ""
3.建立roles目錄
1)手動建立
[root@m01 ~]# mkdir /project
[root@m01 ~]# cd /project/
[root@m01 /project]# touch site.yml
[root@m01 /project]# mkdir roles
[root@m01 /project]# cd roles/
[root@m01 /project/roles]# mkdir {nginx,php,myriadb,nfs-server,nfs-client}
2)使用命令建立
[root@m01 /project/roles]# ansible-galaxy init nginx - Role nginx was created successfully [root@m01 /project/roles]# tree ./ ./ ├── mariadb ├── nfs-client ├── nfs-server ├── nginx │ ├── defaults │ │ └── main.yml │ ├── files │ ├── handlers │ │ └── main.yml │ ├── meta │ │ └── main.yml │ ├── README.md │ ├── tasks │ │ └── main.yml │ ├── templates │ ├── tests │ │ ├── inventory │ │ └── test.yml │ └── vars │ └── main.yml └── php 13 directories, 8 files [root@m01 /project/roles]#
4.Ansible Roles 依賴
roles允許你再使用roles時自動引入其他的roles。role依賴關係儲存在roles目錄中meta/main.yml檔案中。
例如:推送wordpress並解壓,前提條件,必須要安裝nginx和php,把服務跑起來,才能執行wordpress的頁面,此時我們就可以在wordpress的roles中定義依賴nginx和php的roles
[root@m01 roles]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/wordpress/meta/main.yml
dependencies:
- { role: nginx }
- { role: php }
如果編寫了meta目錄下的main.yml檔案,那麼Ansible會自動先執行meta目錄中main.yml檔案中的dependencies檔案,如上所示,就會先執行nginx和php的安裝。
二、playbook重構
1.配置主機清單和hosts
1)主機清單
[root@m01 ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[web_group]
web01 ansible_ssh_pass='1'
web02 ansible_ssh_pass='1'
[slb]
lb01 ansible_ssh_pass='1'
lb02 ansible_ssh_pass='1'
[db_group]
db01 ansible_ssh_pass='1'
[nfs_server]
nfs ansible_ssh_pass='1'
[backup_server]
backup ansible_ssh_pass='1'
[nginx_group:children]
web_group
slb
[nfs_group:children]
nfs_server
web_group
[nginx_group:vars]
web=host_vars
2)hosts檔案
[root@m01 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
172.16.1.4 lb01
172.16.1.5 lb02
172.16.1.7 web01
172.16.1.8 web02
172.16.1.31 nfs
172.16.1.41 backup
172.16.1.51 db01
2.配置優化部分
1)建立優化部分的roles結構
[root@m01 ~]# mkdir /project
[root@m01 ~]# cd /project/
[root@m01 /project]# touch site.yml
[root@m01 /project]# mkdir roles
[root@m01 /project]# cd roles/
[root@m01 /project/roles]# ansible-galaxy init base
- Role base was created successfully
2)準備優化的檔案
[root@m01 /project/roles]# cd base/files/
[root@m01 /project/roles/base/files]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/* ./
[root@m01 /project/roles/base/files]# cp /etc/sysctl.conf ./
3)編寫playbook
[root@m01 /project/roles/base/files]# cd ..
[root@m01 /project/roles/base]# vim tasks/main.yml
- name: Stop Selinux
selinux:
state: disabled
- name: Stop Firewalld
systemd:
name: firewalld
state: stopped
- name: Create www Group
group:
name: www
gid: 666
- name: Create www User
user:
name: www
group: www
uid: 666
shell: /sbin/nologin
create_home: no
- name: Install Unzip Server
yum:
name: unzip
state: present
3.安裝nginx部分
1)建立Roles結構
[root@m01 /project/roles]# ansible-galaxy init nginx
- Role nginx was created successfully
2)準備檔案
[root@m01 /project/roles/nginx]# cp /root/conf/nginx.conf ./files/
[root@m01 /project/roles/nginx]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo ./files/
3)編寫palybook
[root@m01 /project/roles/nginx]# cat tasks/main.yml
- name: Copy nginx Repo
copy:
src: nginx.repo
dest: /etc/yum.repos.d/
- name: Install Nginx Server
yum:
name: nginx
state: present
- name: Config Nginx Server
copy:
src: nginx.conf
dest: /etc/nginx/
notify: restart_nginx
- name: Start Nginx Server
systemd:
name: nginx
state: started
4)編寫觸發器
[root@m01 /project/roles/nginx]# vim handlers/main.yml
- name: restart_nginx
systemd:
name: nginx
state: restarted
4.安裝php
1)建立roles結構
[root@m01 /project/roles]# ansible-galaxy init php
- Role php was created successfully
2)準備php的檔案
[root@m01 /project/roles]# cp /root/package/php.tar.gz php/files/
[root@m01 /project/roles]# cp /root/conf/php.ini php/files/
[root@m01 /project/roles]# cp /root/conf/www.conf php/files/
3)編寫playbook
[root@m01 /project/roles]# cat php/tasks/main.yml
- name: Tar php.tar.gz
unarchive:
src: php.tar.gz
dest: /tmp/
- name: Install PHP Server
shell: "yum localinstall -y /tmp/*.rpm"
- name: Config PHP Server
copy:
src: php.ini
dest: /etc/
notify: restart_php
- name: Config PHP Server
copy:
src: www.conf
dest: /etc/php-fpm.d/
notify: restart_php
- name: Start PHP Server
systemd:
name: php-fpm
state: started
4)編寫觸發器
[root@m01 /project/roles]# vim php/handlers/main.yml
- name: restart_php
systemd:
name: php-fpm
state: restarted
5.安裝mariadb
1)建立目錄結構
[root@m01 /project/roles]# ansible-galaxy init mariadb
- Role mariadb was created successfully
2)配置playbook
[root@m01 /project/roles]# vim mariadb/tasks/main.yml
- name: Install Mariadb Server
yum:
name: "{{ item.name }}"
state: present
with_items:
- { name: mariadb-server }
- { name: MySQL-python }
- name: Start Mariadb Server
systemd:
name: mariadb
state: started
enabled: yes
6.搭建部落格
1)建立結構
[root@m01 /project/roles]# ansible-galaxy init wordpress
- Role wordpress was created successfully
2)準備檔案
[root@m01 /project/roles]# cp /root/conf/linux.wp.com.conf ./wordpress/files/
[root@m01 /project/roles]# cd wordpress/files/
[root@m01 /project/roles/wordpress/files]# rz wordpress.tar.gz
[root@m01 /project/roles/wordpress/files]# cp /root/conf/wp-config.php ./
3)編寫playbook
#安裝wordpress部分
[root@m01 /project/roles/wordpress]# cat tasks/main.yml
- name: Mkdir code
file:
path: /code
state: directory
owner: www
group: www
- name: Tar wordpress.tar.gz
unarchive:
src: wordpress.tar.gz
dest: /code/
owner: www
group: www
recurse: yes
- name: Config wordpress conf
copy:
src: linux.wp.com.conf
dest: /etc/nginx/conf.d/
notify: restart_wp_nginx
4)編寫觸發器
[root@m01 /project/roles/wordpress]# vim handlers/main.yml
- name: restart_wp_nginx
systemd:
name: nginx
state: restarted
5)編寫建庫palybook
#建庫的目錄結構
[root@m01 /project/roles]# ansible-galaxy init database
- Role database was created successfully
#編寫playbook
[root@m01 /project/roles]# vim database/tasks/main.yml
- name: Create worpdress Database
mysql_db:
name: wordpress
state: present
- name: Create wp Database User
mysql_user:
name: "wp"
host: "172.16.1.%"
password: '123456'
priv: "wordpress.*:ALL"
state: present
7.負載均衡
1)建立結構
[root@m01 /project/roles]# ansible-galaxy init slb
- Role slb was created successfully
2)準備檔案
[root@m01 /project/roles]# cp /root/conf/proxy.j2 ./slb/templates/
[root@m01 /project/roles]# cp /root/conf/proxy_params ./slb/files/
3)編寫playbook
[root@m01 /project]# vim roles/slb/tasks/main.yml
- name: Config slb Server
template:
src: proxy.j2
dest: /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf
notify: restart_slb
- name: Copy proxy_params
copy:
src: proxy_params
dest: /etc/nginx/
- name: Start Web Nginx Server
systemd:
name: nginx
state: started
enabled: yes
4)編寫觸發器
[root@m01 /project/roles]# vim slb/handlers/main.yml
- name: restart_slb
systemd:
name: nginx
state: restarted
5)配置依賴
[root@m01 /project/roles]# vim slb/meta/main.yml
dependencies:
- { role: nginx }
8.配置高可用
1)建立結構目錄
[root@m01 /project/roles]# ansible-galaxy init keepalived
- Role keepalived was created successfully
2)準備檔案
[root@m01 /project/roles]# cp /root/conf/keepalived.j2 ./keepalived/templates/
3)編寫palybook
[root@m01 /project/roles]# vim keepalived/tasks/main.yml
- name: Install keepalived
yum:
name: keepalived
state: present
- name: Config keepalive
template:
src: keepalived.j2
dest: /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
- name: Start keepalived
systemd:
name: keepalived
state: restarted
9.配置總呼叫
[root@m01 /project]# vim site.yml
- hosts: all
roles:
- role: base
- role: nginx
when: ansible_fqdn is match "web*"
- role: php
when: ansible_fqdn is match "web*"
- role: mariadb
when: ansible_fqdn == "db01"
- role: database
when: ansible_fqdn == "db01"
- role: wordpress
when: ansible_fqdn is match "web*"
- role: slb
when: ansible_fqdn is match "lb*"
- role: keepalived