Django 自定義許可權管理系統詳解(通過中介軟體認證)

阿新 • • 發佈：2020-03-11

1. 建立工程檔案，修改setting.py檔案

django-admin.py startproject project_name

特別是在 windows 上，如果報錯，嘗試用 django-admin 代替 django-admin.py 試試

setting.py 最終的配置檔案

import os
import sys
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR,...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"apps"))
 
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/deployment/checklist/
 
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '!g%gzw+-t8*+c2irzcm=r_#*x$q^(x-(^prn7wpnph3w#j$1gl'
 
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
 
 
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
  'django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','apps.system',]
 
MIDDLEWARE = [
  'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware','django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware','django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',# 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware','django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware','django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware','django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware','libs.middleware.permission.permissionMiddleware'
]
 
ROOT_URLCONF = 'iFactory.urls'
 
TEMPLATES = [
  {
    'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates','DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')],'APP_DIRS': True,'OPTIONS': {
      'context_processors': [
        'django.template.context_processors.debug','django.template.context_processors.request','django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth','django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',],},]
 
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'iFactory.wsgi.application'
 
 
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
  'default': {
     'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2','NAME': "iFactory",'USER': "postgres",'PASSWORD': "postgres",'HOST': "127.0.0.1",'PORT': "5432",'CONN_MAX_AGE': 5,}
}
 
 
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
  {
    'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',{
    'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',{
    'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',{
    'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',]
 
 
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh_Hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
 
 
# Static files (CSS,JavaScript,Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = ( os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),)
 
# Session setting
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 30 * 60
SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'
 
# session_permisson_key
SESSION_PERMISSION_URL_KEY = "perUrl"
SESSION_MENU_KEY = "menu"
MENU_ALL = "menuAll"
MENU_PERMISSON = "menuPer"
 
# permisson
LOGIN_URL = '/login/'
REGEX_URL = r'^{url}$' # url作嚴格匹配
SAFE_URL = [
  '/login/',]

2. 根目錄建立apps資料夾（python包資料夾），建立應用system，把應用放入到apps資料夾中

python manage.py startapp system，在setting中的INSTALLED_APPS中新增對應的app

最終的目錄結構

Django 自定義許可權管理系統詳解(通過中介軟體認證)

3. 修改system/model.py 檔案

#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
from django.db import models
 
# Create your models here.
class Menu(models.Model):
  '''
  選單
  '''
  title = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
  parent = models.ForeignKey("Menu",null=True,blank=True)
 
  def __str__(self):
    # 顯示層級選單
    title_list = [self.title]
    p = self.parent
    while p:
      title_list.insert(0,p.title)
      p = p.parent
    return '-'.join(title_list)
 
class Permission(models.Model):
  '''
  許可權
  '''
  title = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
  url = models.CharField(max_length=128,unique=True)
  menu = models.ForeignKey("Menu",blank=True)
  # 定義選單間的自引用關係
  # 許可權url 在 選單下；選單可以有父級選單；還要支援使用者建立選單，因此需要定義parent欄位（parent_id）
  # blank=True 意味著在後臺管理中填寫可以為空，根選單沒有父級選單
 
  def __str__(self):
    # 顯示帶選單字首的許可權
    return '{menu}---{permission}'.format(menu=self.menu,permission=self.title)
 
class Role(models.Model):
  '''
  角色：繫結許可權
  '''
  title = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
  # 定義角色和許可權的多對多關係
  permissions = models.ManyToManyField("Permission")
 
  def __str__(self):
    return self.title
class User(models.Model):
  '''
  使用者 -- 角色劃分
  '''
  username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  password = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  phone = models.CharField(max_length=11)
  email = models.EmailField()
  is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
  is_push_email = models.BooleanField(default=True)
  is_push_phone = models.BooleanField(default=True)
  # create_datetime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
  # 定義使用者和角色的多對多關係
  roles = models.ManyToManyField("Role")
 
  def __str__(self):
    return '{username}---{phone}' \
        ''.format(username=self.username,phone=self.phone)

4. 資料庫遷移

執行 python manage.py makemigrations system

執行python manage.py migrate system

Django 自定義許可權管理系統詳解(通過中介軟體認證)

5. 建立userService.py檔案（檔案位置看上圖目錄），程式碼如下：

from ..models import Menu
 
def init_user_permission(request,user):
  '''
  查詢出使用者的所有許可權，進行分類寫入session進行儲存
  :param request:
  :param user:
  :return:
  '''
  # 查詢出使用者的所有許可權
  permisson_item_list = user.roles.values('permissons__title','permissons__url','permissons__menu_id'
                      ).distinct()
  permisson_url_list = []
  permisson_menu_list = []
  all_menu_list = list(Menu.objects.values("id","title","parent_id"))
  for permission_item in permisson_item_list:
    permisson_url_list.append(permission_item["permissons__url"])
    if permission_item["permissons__menu__id"]:
      temp = {
        "title": permission_item["permissons__title"],"url": permission_item["permissons__url"],"menu_id": permission_item["permissons__menu_id"]
      }
      permisson_menu_list.append(temp)
  # 寫入session
  from django.conf import settings
  request.session[settings.SESSION_PERMISSION_URL_KEY] = permisson_url_list
  request.session[settings.SESSION_MENU_KEY] = {
    settings.MENU_ALL: all_menu_list,settings.MENU_PERMISSON: permisson_menu_list,}

6. 建立views_user.py 檔案：

#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import JsonResponse,HttpResponse
from apps.system.services import userService
from apps.system.models import User
 
def user_login(request):
  '''
  使用者登入
  :param request:
  :return:
  '''
  if request.method == "GET":
    return render(request,"login.html")
  else:
    res = {}
    username = request.POST.get("username")
    password = request.POST.get("password")
    user = User.objects.filter(username=username,password=password).first()
    if not user:
      res["status"]= "false"
    else:
      userService.init_user_permission(request,user)
    return JsonResponse(res)

注意：以上的setting.py 增加的配置：

MIDDLEWARE = [
  'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware','libs.middleware.permission.permissionMiddleware'
]

# Session setting
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 30 * 60
SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'
 
# session_permisson_key
SESSION_PERMISSION_URL_KEY = "perUrl"
SESSION_MENU_KEY = "menu"
MENU_ALL = "menuAll"
MENU_PERMISSON = "menuPer"
 
# permisson
LOGIN_URL = '/login/'
REGEX_URL = r'^{url}$' # url作嚴格匹配
SAFE_URL = [
  '/login/',]

以上這篇Django 自定義許可權管理系統詳解(通過中介軟體認證)就是小編分享給大家的全部內容了，希望能給大家一個參考，也希望大家多多支援我們。