本文總結三種用於安卓錄屏的解決方案：

adb shell命令screenrecord
MediaRecorder， MediaProjection
MediaProjection,MediaCodec和MediaMuxer

screenrecord命令

screenrecord是一個shell命令，支援Android4.4(API level 19)以上，錄製的視訊格式為mp4,存放到手機sd卡里，預設錄製時間為180s

adb shell screenrecord --size 1280*720 --bit-rate 6000000 --time-limit 30 /sdcard/demo.mp4

--size 指定視訊解析度；

--bit-rate 指定視訊位元率，預設為4M，該值越小，儲存的視訊檔案越小；

--time-limit 指定錄製時長，若設定大於180，命令不會被執行；

MediaRecorder

MediaProjection是Android5.0後才開放的螢幕採集介面，通過系統級服務MediaProjectionManager進行管理。

錄屏過程可以分成兩個部分，即通過MediaProjectionManage申請錄屏許可權，使用者允許後開始錄製螢幕；然後通過MediaRecorder對音視訊資料進行處理。

獲取MediaProjectionManager例項

MediaProjectionManager mProjectionManager = (MediaProjectionManager) getSystemService("media_projection");

申請許可權

Intent captureIntent = mProjectionManager.createScreenCaptureIntent();
startActivityForResult(captureIntent,LOCAL_REQUEST_CODE);

createScreenCaptureIntent()這個方法會返回一個intent，你可以通過startActivityForResult方法來傳遞這個intent，為了能開始螢幕捕捉，activity會提示使用者是否允許螢幕捕捉（為了防止開發者做一個木馬，來捕獲使用者私人資訊），你可以通過getMediaProjection來獲取螢幕捕捉的結果。

在onActivityResult中獲取結果

@Override
  public void onActivityResult(int requestCode,int resultCode,Intent data) {
    MediaProjection mediaProjection = mProjectionManager.getMediaProjection(resultCode,data);
    if (mediaProjection == null) {
    Log.e(TAG,"media projection is null");
    return;
  }
    File file = new File("xx.mp4"); //錄屏生成檔案
    mediaRecord = new MediaRecordService(displayWidth,displayHeight,6000000,1,mediaProjection,file.getAbsolutePath());
    mediaRecord.start();
}

建立MediaRecorder程序

package com.unionpay.service;
import android.hardware.display.DisplayManager;
import android.hardware.display.VirtualDisplay;
import android.media.MediaRecorder;
import android.media.projection.MediaProjection;
import android.util.Log;
public class MediaRecordService extends Thread {
  private static final String TAG = "MediaRecordService";
  private int mWidth;
  private int mHeight;
  private int mBitRate;
  private int mDpi;
  private String mDstPath;
  private MediaRecorder mMediaRecorder;
  private MediaProjection mMediaProjection;
  private static final int FRAME_RATE = 60; // 60 fps
  private VirtualDisplay mVirtualDisplay;
  public MediaRecordService(int width,int height,int bitrate,int dpi,MediaProjection mp,String dstPath) {
  mWidth = width;
  mHeight = height;
  mBitRate = bitrate;
  mDpi = dpi;
  mMediaProjection = mp;
  mDstPath = dstPath;
  }
  @Override
  public void run() {
  try {
    initMediaRecorder();
    //在mediarecorder.prepare()方法後呼叫
    mVirtualDisplay = mMediaProjection.createVirtualDisplay(TAG + "-display",mWidth,mHeight,mDpi,DisplayManager.VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_FLAG_PUBLIC,mMediaRecorder.getSurface(),null,null);
    Log.i(TAG,"created virtual display: " + mVirtualDisplay);
    mMediaRecorder.start();
    Log.i(TAG,"mediarecorder start");
  } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
  }
  /**
   * 初始化MediaRecorder
   * 
   * @return
   */
  public void initMediaRecorder() {
  mMediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
  mMediaRecorder.setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.SURFACE);
  mMediaRecorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC);
  mMediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4);
  mMediaRecorder.setOutputFile(mDstPath);
  mMediaRecorder.setVideoSize(mWidth,mHeight);
  mMediaRecorder.setVideoFrameRate(FRAME_RATE);
  mMediaRecorder.setVideoEncodingBitRate(mBitRate);
  mMediaRecorder.setVideoEncoder(MediaRecorder.VideoEncoder.H264);
  mMediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AAC);

  try {
    mMediaRecorder.prepare();
  } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
  Log.i(TAG,"media recorder" + mBitRate + "kps");
  }

  public void release() {
  if (mVirtualDisplay != null) {
    mVirtualDisplay.release();
    mVirtualDisplay = null;
  }
  if (mMediaRecorder != null) {
    mMediaRecorder.setOnErrorListener(null);
    mMediaProjection.stop();
    mMediaRecorder.reset();
    mMediaRecorder.release();
  }
  if (mMediaProjection != null) {
    mMediaProjection.stop();
    mMediaProjection = null;
  }
  Log.i(TAG,"release");
  }
}

MediaCodec與MediaMuxer

MediaCodec提供對音視訊壓縮編碼和解碼功能，MediaMuxer可以將音視訊混合生成多媒體檔案，生成MP4檔案。
與MediaRecorder類似，都需要先通過MediaProjectionManager獲取錄屏許可權，在回撥中進行螢幕資料處理。

這裡建立另一個程序：

package com.unionpay.service;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import android.hardware.display.DisplayManager;
import android.hardware.display.VirtualDisplay;
import android.media.MediaCodec;
import android.media.MediaCodecInfo;
import android.media.MediaFormat;
import android.media.MediaMuxer;
import android.media.projection.MediaProjection;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Surface;
public class ScreenRecordService extends Thread{
    private static final String TAG = "ScreenRecordService";
  private int mWidth;
  private int mHeight;
  private int mBitRate;
  private int mDpi;
  private String mDstPath;
  private MediaProjection mMediaProjection;
  // parameters for the encoder
  private static final String MIME_TYPE = "video/avc"; // H.264 Advanced
                 // Video Coding
  private static final int FRAME_RATE = 30; // 30 fps
  private static final int IFRAME_INTERVAL = 10; // 10 seconds between
                // I-frames
  private static final int TIMEOUT_US = 10000;
  private MediaCodec mEncoder;
  private Surface mSurface;
  private MediaMuxer mMuxer;
  private boolean mMuxerStarted = false;
  private int mVideoTrackIndex = -1;
  private AtomicBoolean mQuit = new AtomicBoolean(false);
  private MediaCodec.BufferInfo mBufferInfo = new MediaCodec.BufferInfo();
  private VirtualDisplay mVirtualDisplay;
  public ScreenRecordService(int width,String dstPath) {
    super(TAG);
    mWidth = width;
    mHeight = height;
    mBitRate = bitrate;
    mDpi = dpi;
    mMediaProjection = mp;
    mDstPath = dstPath;
  }
  /**
   * stop task
   */
  public final void quit() {
    mQuit.set(true);
  }
  @Override
  public void run() {
    try {
    try {
      prepareEncoder();
      mMuxer = new MediaMuxer(mDstPath,MediaMuxer.OutputFormat.MUXER_OUTPUT_MPEG_4);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    mVirtualDisplay = mMediaProjection.createVirtualDisplay(TAG + "-display",mSurface,null);
    Log.d(TAG,"created virtual display: " + mVirtualDisplay);
    recordVirtualDisplay();
    } finally {
    release();
    }
  }
  private void recordVirtualDisplay() {
    while (!mQuit.get()) {
    int index = mEncoder.dequeueOutputBuffer(mBufferInfo,TIMEOUT_US);
//   Log.i(TAG,"dequeue output buffer index=" + index);
    if (index == MediaCodec.INFO_OUTPUT_FORMAT_CHANGED) {
      // 後續輸出格式變化
      resetOutputFormat();
    } else if (index == MediaCodec.INFO_TRY_AGAIN_LATER) {
      // 請求超時
//     Log.d(TAG,"retrieving buffers time out!");
      try {
      // wait 10ms
      Thread.sleep(10);
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      }
    } else if (index >= 0) {
      // 有效輸出
      if (!mMuxerStarted) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("MediaMuxer dose not call addTrack(format) ");
      }
      encodeToVideoTrack(index);
      mEncoder.releaseOutputBuffer(index,false);
    }
    }
  }
  /**
   * 硬解碼獲取實時幀資料並寫入mp4檔案
   * 
   * @param index
   */
  private void encodeToVideoTrack(int index) {
    // 獲取到的實時幀視訊資料
    ByteBuffer encodedData = mEncoder.getOutputBuffer(index);
    if ((mBufferInfo.flags & MediaCodec.BUFFER_FLAG_CODEC_CONFIG) != 0) {
    // The codec config data was pulled out and fed to the muxer
    // when we got
    // the INFO_OUTPUT_FORMAT_CHANGED status.
    // Ignore it.
    Log.d(TAG,"ignoring BUFFER_FLAG_CODEC_CONFIG");
    mBufferInfo.size = 0;
    }
    if (mBufferInfo.size == 0) {
    Log.d(TAG,"info.size == 0,drop it.");
    encodedData = null;
    } else {
//   Log.d(TAG,"got buffer,info: size=" + mBufferInfo.size + ",presentationTimeUs="
//     + mBufferInfo.presentationTimeUs + ",offset=" + mBufferInfo.offset);
    }
    if (encodedData != null) {
    mMuxer.writeSampleData(mVideoTrackIndex,encodedData,mBufferInfo);
    }
  }
  private void resetOutputFormat() {
    // should happen before receiving buffers,and should only happen
    // once
    if (mMuxerStarted) {
    throw new IllegalStateException("output format already changed!");
    }
    MediaFormat newFormat = mEncoder.getOutputFormat();
    mVideoTrackIndex = mMuxer.addTrack(newFormat);
    mMuxer.start();
    mMuxerStarted = true;
    Log.i(TAG,"started media muxer,videoIndex=" + mVideoTrackIndex);
  }
  private void prepareEncoder() throws IOException {
    MediaFormat format = MediaFormat.createVideoFormat(MIME_TYPE,mHeight);
    format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_COLOR_FORMAT,MediaCodecInfo.CodecCapabilities.COLOR_FormatSurface);
    format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_BIT_RATE,mBitRate);
    format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_FRAME_RATE,FRAME_RATE);
    format.setInteger(MediaFormat.KEY_I_FRAME_INTERVAL,IFRAME_INTERVAL);
    Log.d(TAG,"created video format: " + format);
    mEncoder = MediaCodec.createEncoderByType(MIME_TYPE);
    mEncoder.configure(format,MediaCodec.CONFIGURE_FLAG_ENCODE);
    mSurface = mEncoder.createInputSurface();
    Log.d(TAG,"created input surface: " + mSurface);
    mEncoder.start();
  }
  private void release() {
    if (mEncoder != null) {
    mEncoder.stop();
    mEncoder.release();
    mEncoder = null;
    }
    if (mVirtualDisplay != null) {
    mVirtualDisplay.release();
    }
    if (mMediaProjection != null) {
    mMediaProjection.stop();
    }
    if (mMuxer != null) {
    mMuxer.stop();
    mMuxer.release();
    mMuxer = null;
    }
  }
}

該程序只實現了視訊錄製，呼叫該程序只需修改主程序中的onActivityResult方法。

總結

MediaProjection似乎只有在螢幕發生變化時才傳輸，因此錄屏推流的畫面顯得不夠流暢

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