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資料探勘基本概念

是什麼

python的一種單元測試框架,與python自帶的unittest測試框架類似,但是比unittest框架使用起來更簡潔,效率更高

安裝

pip install -U pytest

舉例

測試檔案

# content of test_sample.py

def func(x):
    return x+1

def test_func():
    assert func(3) == 3

執行測試

$ py.test
=========================== test session starts ============================
platform linux -- Python 3.4.1 -- py-1.4.27 -- pytest-2.7.1
rootdir: /tmp/doc-exec-101, inifile:
collected 1 items
test_sample.py F
================================= FAILURES =================================
_______________________________ test_answer ________________________________
def test_answer():
> assert func(3) == 5
E assert 4 == 5
E + where 4 = func(3)
test_sample.py:5: AssertionError
========================= 1 failed in 0.01 seconds =========================

使用

編寫規則

編寫pytest測試樣例非常簡單,只需要按照下面的規則:

  • 測試檔案以test_開頭(以_test結尾也可以)
  • 測試類以Test開頭,並且不能帶有 init 方法
  • 測試函式以test_開頭
  • 斷言使用基本的assert即可

執行測試

py.test               # run all tests below current dir
py.test test_mod.py   # run tests in module
py.test somepath      # run all tests below somepath
py.test -k stringexpr # only run tests with names that match the
                      # the "string expression", e.g. "MyClass and not method"
                      # will select TestMyClass.test_something
                      # but not TestMyClass.test_method_simple
py.test test_mod.py::test_func # only run tests that match the "node ID",
                   # e.g "test_mod.py::test_func" will select
                               # only test_func in test_mod.py

測試報告

安裝pytest-html外掛

pip install pytest-html

執行生成

py.test --html=path

生成xml報告(無需外掛)

py.test --junitxml=path

覆蓋率
安裝外掛pytest-cov

pip install pytest-cov

執行

pytest --cov-report=html --cov=./ test_code_target_dir

注:這裡的覆蓋率值被測試函式的覆蓋率,未被顯式測試函式不參與覆蓋率計算

引數說明

—cov=[path], measure coverage for filesystem path (multi-allowed), 指定被測試物件,用於計算測試覆蓋率

—cov-report=type, type of report to generate: term, term-missing, annotate, html, xml (multi-allowed), 測試報告的型別

—cov-config=path, config file for coverage, default: .coveragerc, coverage配置檔案

—no-cov-on-fail, do not report coverage if test run fails, default: False,如果測試失敗,不生成測試報告

—cov-fail-under=MIN, Fail if the total coverage is less than MIN. 如果測試覆蓋率低於MIN,則認為失敗

獲取幫助

py.test --version # shows where pytest was imported from
py.test --fixtures # show available builtin function arguments
py.test -h | --help # show help on command line and config file options
  • -v 用於顯示每個測試函式的執行結果
  • -q 只顯示整體測試結果
  • -s 用於顯示測試函式中print()函式輸出
  • -x, —exitfirst, exit instantly on first error or failed test
  • -h 幫助

其他功能

  • 測試順序隨機
    pip install pytest-randomly
  • 分散式測試
    pip install pytest-xdist
  • 出錯立即返回
    pip install pytest-instafail