1、VMware修改硬碟大小

　　關閉客戶機
　　右鍵需要擴容的伺服器——設定——硬體——磁碟——實用工具——擴充套件

2、確認狀態
　　# fdisk -l

　　可以看到“Disk /dev/sda: 400 GB”，已經擴充套件了300G空間。

ESXI修改完磁碟大小後，增加的磁碟空間表現為當前磁碟剩餘未分配空間，需要使用剩餘未分配空間新建分割槽

1. 建立新分割槽

# fdisk /dev/sda
n       （新建分割槽）
p       （選擇分割槽型別主分割槽或擴充套件分割槽）
3       （選擇分割槽編號）
回車
回車
t    （修改分割槽型別）
3    （選擇分割槽）
8e    （Changed type of partition 
 
'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'，修改成LVM型別）
w    （寫分割槽表退出）

使用命令重新讀取分割槽表，或者重啟機器
# partprobe
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.

格式化新磁碟分割槽
xfs檔案系統
# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda3       （此處分割槽格式要與已有的LVM卷中分割槽格式一致）
EXT4檔案系統
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3

檢視分割槽格式
cat /etc/fstab

2. 新增新LVM分割槽到已有的LVM組，實現擴容

[root@jason_test ~]# lvm
lvm> pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sda3.
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
lvm> vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
 

  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <15.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              3839
  Alloc PE / Size       3839 / <15.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               Dw2t3d-lOmX-GwB8-r7z2-X2S2-2vzf-gn1ncn
   
lvm> vgextend centos /dev/sda3
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended
lvm> vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               98.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25342
  Alloc PE / Size       3839 / <15.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       21503 / <84.00 GiB
  VG UUID               Dw2t3d-lOmX-GwB8-r7z2-X2S2-2vzf-gn1ncn
   
lvm> lvextend -l +21503 /dev/mapper/centos-root  （想要擴容的分割槽）   
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 13.39 GiB (3429 extents) to 97.39 GiB (24932 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
lvm> pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <15.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              3839
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          3839
  PV UUID               0khpbf-D1I8-hdt0-U78f-ELax-V2xR-eOL8g9
   
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               84.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              21503
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          21503
  PV UUID               lCHa3l-XXpa-B1OY-6gEq-CBAl-2NxS-CzrCn2
   
lvm> quit

3. 檔案系統擴容

xfs檔案系統

[root@jason_test ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=877824 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=3511296, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 3511296 to 25530368

EXT4檔案系統

resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-root

[root@jason_test ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   98G   11G   87G  11% /
devtmpfs                 7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    7.8G  9.3M  7.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                    7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  182M  833M  18% /boot
tmpfs                    1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0

參考：https://www.lucissfer.com/2018/06/12/ESXI虛擬機器磁碟線上擴容/

https://www.cnblogs.com/zengming/p/11498322.html