C語言專案編譯

阿新 • • 發佈：2021-06-21

在《linux-Unix系統程式設計》一書中，發現作者的原始碼編譯寫的非常高明。雖然尚不能完全理解，順手牽過來分享給大家。

一、專案結構

首先，專案的目錄結構如下，lib是共享的原始檔，fileio是一個模組，fileio的原始檔會依賴到lib中的檔案，這也是一般專案的結構

.
├── fileio
│ ├── main
│ ├── main2
│ ├── main2.c
│ ├── main.c
│ └── makefile
├── lib
│ ├── Build_ename.sh
│ ├── function.c
│ ├── function.h
│ └── Makefile
├── Makefile
└── Makefile.inc

二、一級目錄的Makefile

一級目錄的Makefile是make命令的配置檔案，大概是按順序將所有二級目錄進行構建，這裡的lib一定要在fileio之前

DIRS = lib fileio

all:
        for i in $(DIRS); do \
                (cd $$i && echo "making $$i" && $(MAKE) ) || exit 1; \
        done
allgen:
        for dir in ${DIRS}; do (cd $${dir}; ${MAKE} allgen) ; done 


clean:
        for i in $(DIRS); do \
                (cd $$i && echo "cleaning $$i" && $(MAKE) clean) || exit 1; \
        done

一級目錄的Makefile.inc是二級目錄的Makefile都要引用到的

TLPI_DIR = ..
TLPI_LIB = ${TLPI_DIR}/libtlpi.a
TLPI_INCL_DIR = ${TLPI_DIR}/lib

LINUX_LIBRT = -lrt
LINUX_LIBDL = -ldl
LINUX_LIBACL  
= -lacl
LINUX_LIBCRYPT = -lcrypt
LINUX_LIBCAP = -lcap

IMPL_CFLAGS = -std=c99 -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=600 \
                -D_DEFAULT_SOURCE \
                -g -I${TLPI_INCL_DIR} \
                -pedantic \
                -Wall \
                -W \
                -Wmissing-prototypes \
                -Wno-sign-compare \
                -Wno-unused-parameter

CFLAGS = ${IMPL_CFLAGS}

IMPL_THREAD_FLAGS = -pthread

IMPL_LDLIBS = ${TLPI_LIB} -lm

LDLIBS = ${IMPL_LDLIBS}

RM = rm -f

三、lib下的Makefile

裡面引用了當前目錄的一個shell指令碼Build_ename.sh,我貼在後面

include ../Makefile.inc
allgen : ${TLPI_LIB}

${TLPI_LIB} : *.c ename.c.inc
        ${CC} -c -g ${CFLAGS} *.c
        ${RM} ${TLPI_LIB}
        ${AR} rs ${TLPI_LIB} *.o

ename.c.inc :
        sh Build_ename.sh > ename.c.inc
        echo 1>&2 "ename.c.inc built"

clean :
        ${RM} *.o ename.c.inc ${TLPI_LIB}

Build_ename.sh

#!/bin/sh
echo '#include <errno.h>' | cpp -dM |
sed -n -e '/#define  *E/s/#define  *//p' |sort -k2n |
awk '
BEGIN {
        entries_per_line = 4
        line_len = 68;
        last = 0;
        varname ="    enames";
        print "static char *ename[] = {";
        line =  "    /*   0 */ \"\"";
}

{
    if ($2 ~ /^E[A-Z0-9]*$/) {      # These entries are sorted at top
        synonym[$1] = $2;
    } else {
        while (last + 1 < $2) {
            last++;
            line = line ", ";
            if (length(line ename) > line_len || last == 1) {
                print line;
                line = "    /* " last " */ ";
                line = sprintf("    /* %3d */ ", last);
            }
            line = line "\"" "\"" ;
        }
        last = $2;
        ename = $1;
        for (k in synonym)
            if (synonym[k] == $1) ename = ename "/" k;

            line = line ", ";
            if (length(line ename) > line_len || last == 1) {
                print line;
                line = "    /* " last " */ ";
                line = sprintf("    /* %3d */ ", last);;
            }
            line = line "\"" ename "\"" ;
    }
}
END {
    print  line;
    print "};"
    print "";
    print "#define MAX_ENAME " last;
}
'

四、fileio中的makefile

include ../Makefile.inc

GEN_EXE = main main2

LINUX_EXE =

EXE = ${GEN_EXE} ${LINUX_EXE}

all : ${EXE}

allgen : ${GEN_EXE}


clean :
        ${RM} ${EXE} *.o

showall :
        @ echo ${EXE}

${EXE} : ${TLPI_LIB}

其中fileio/main.c,lib/function.h lib/function.c程式碼都在上一篇文章中，這裡就不貼了