Java GUI程式設計之Swing

• 視窗(Jframe)

• 面板

Jframe視窗 : 用法於Frame類似，有些屬性需要new Container去設定，有些東西需要新增到容器中。

public class JframeTest {
  
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new JframeTest().init();
   }
​
  public void init() {
    JFrame jFrame = new JFrame();
    jFrame.setBounds(200, 200, 400, 400);
    //jFrame.setBackground(Color.CYAN);  這樣直接設定背景顏色沒有用
    jFrame.setVisible(true);
    //設定容器顏色才有用
    Container contentPane = jFrame.getContentPane();
    contentPane.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
​
    JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("J標籤");
    jFrame.add(jLabel);
    //設定標籤居中
    jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
   }
}
 

Dialog彈窗 ： 彈出的視窗預設有關閉事件

package com.shanqiu24.lession2;
​
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
​
public class DialogTest extends JFrame {
​
  public DialogTest() {
    this.setVisible(true);
    this.setSize(500, 500);
    this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//設定關閉
    Container container = this.getContentPane();
    container.setLayout(null);//絕對定位
    JButton jButton = new JButton("點選彈出一個對話方塊");
    jButton.setBounds(100, 100, 100, 100);
    //點選按鈕時彈出，需要監聽事件
    jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
      @Override
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        new MyDialog();
       }
     });
    container.add(jButton);
   }
​
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new DialogTest();
   }
}
​
class MyDialog extends JDialog {
  public MyDialog() {
    this.setVisible(true);
    this.setBounds(100, 100, 300, 300);
    Container container = this.getContentPane();
    container.setLayout(null);
    container.add(new Label("你好嗎"));
   }
}
 

Icon圖示：

普通圖示：

package com.shanqiu24.lession2;
​
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
​
public class IconTest extends JFrame implements Icon {
  private int width;
  private int height;
​
  public IconTest() {
   }
​
  public IconTest(int width, int height) {
    this.width = width;
    this.height = height;
   }
​
  @Override
  public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
    g.fillOval(x, y, width, height);
   }
​
  @Override
  public int getIconWidth() {
    return this.width;
   }
​
  @Override
  public int getIconHeight() {
    return this.height;
   }
​
  public void init() {
    //圖示可放在標籤上，按鈕上
    IconTest iconTest = new IconTest(20, 20);
    JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("IconTest", iconTest, SwingConstants.CENTER);
    Container container = getContentPane();
    container.add(jLabel);
    this.setVisible(true);
    this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
   }
​
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new IconTest().init();
   }
}
 

圖片圖示：

package com.shanqiu24.lession2;
​
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
​
public class ImageIconTest extends JFrame {
  public ImageIconTest() {
    JLabel jLabel = new JLabel();
    URL url = ImageIconTest.class.getResource("test1.png");
    ImageIcon imageIcon1 = new ImageIcon(url);
    jLabel.setIcon(imageIcon1);
    Container container = this.getContentPane();
    container.add(jLabel);
    setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    setVisible(true);
   }
​
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new ImageIconTest();
   }
}

JPanel面板：

scroll(滾動,滾輪)：

單選：

package com.shanqiu24.lession2;
​
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
​
public class JButtonTest1 extends JFrame  {
  public JButtonTest1() {
    Container container = getContentPane();
    //單選
    JRadioButton jRadioButton1 = new JRadioButton("jRadioButton1");
    JRadioButton jRadioButton2 = new JRadioButton("jRadioButton2");
    JRadioButton jRadioButton3 = new JRadioButton("jRadioButton3");
    URL url = JButtonTest1.class.getResource("test1.png");
    ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(url);
    //分組，一個組裡只能選一個，故為單選
    ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
    buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton1);
    buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton2);
    buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton3);
    
    container.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    container.add(jRadioButton1);
    container.add(jRadioButton2);
    container.add(jRadioButton3);
​
    this.setBounds(200,200,500,500);
    this.setVisible(true);
    this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
   }
​
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new JButtonTest1();
   }
}

多選：

public class JButtonTest1 extends JFrame  {
  public JButtonTest1() {
    Container container = getContentPane();
    //多選
    JCheckBox jCheckBox1 = new JCheckBox("jCheckBox1");
    JCheckBox jCheckBox2 = new JCheckBox("jCheckBox2");
    JCheckBox jCheckBox3 = new JCheckBox("jCheckBox3");
    container.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    container.add(jCheckBox1);
    container.add(jCheckBox2);
    container.add(jCheckBox3);
    this.setBounds(200,200,500,500);
    this.setVisible(true);
    this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
   }
​
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new JButtonTest1();
   }
}

下拉框（Combobox）,一般用來選擇一個資訊：

package com.shanqiu24.lession2;
​
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
​
public class comboboxTest extends JFrame {
​
  public comboboxTest() {
    Container container = getContentPane();
    //下拉框
    JComboBox jComboBox = new JComboBox();
    jComboBox.addItem(null);
    jComboBox.addItem("語文");
    jComboBox.addItem("數學");
    jComboBox.addItem("英語");
​
    container.add(jComboBox);
    this.setBounds(200,200,500,500);
    this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    this.setVisible(true);
   }
​
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new comboboxTest();
   }
}

列表(Jlist)，用來展示資訊，一般可擴容：

package com.shanqiu24.lession2;
​
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
​
public class ListCombobox extends JFrame{
  public ListCombobox() {
    Container container = getContentPane();
    String[] thing = {"1", "2", "3"};
    JList<String> stringJList = new JList<>(thing);
    container.add(stringJList);
    this.setBounds(200,200,500,500);
    this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    this.setVisible(true);
​
   }
​
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new ListCombobox();
   }
}

文字框：

TextField : 單行

TextArea ：可換行

JpasswordField : 不可見