ubuntu server 14.04 新增新硬碟
阿新 • • 發佈：2021-07-13
1 關機，安裝新硬碟, 然後上電開機。
2 檢查是否檢測到了新硬碟：
~$ ls -l /dev/sd*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 5月 23 09:20 /dev/sda
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 5月 23 09:20 /dev/sda1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 2 5月 23 09:20 /dev/sda2
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 5 5月 23 09:20 /dev/sda5
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 16 5月 23 09:20 /dev/sdb
看到了新增加的硬碟為 /dev/sdb
3 檢視新硬碟的引數：
~$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb: ATA device, with non-removable media Model Number: ST2000DM006-2DM164 Serial Number: W4Z4HPJC Firmware Revision: CC26 Transport: Serial, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6, SATA Rev 3.0 Standards: Used: unknown (minor revision code 0x001f) Supported: 9 8 7 6 5 Likely used: 9 Configuration: Logical max current cylinders 16383 16383 heads 16 16 sectors/track 63 63 -- CHS current addressable sectors: 16514064 LBA user addressable sectors: 268435455 LBA48 user addressable sectors: 3907029168 Logical Sector size: 512 bytes Physical Sector size: 4096 bytes Logical Sector-0 offset: 0 bytes device size with M = 1024*1024: 1907729 MBytes device size with M = 1000*1000: 2000398 MBytes (2000 GB) cache/buffer size = unknown Form Factor: 3.5 inch Nominal Media Rotation Rate: 7200 Capabilities: LBA, IORDY(can be disabled) Queue depth: 32 Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, no device specific minimum R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 16 Current = ? Advanced power management level: 254 Recommended acoustic management value: 208, current value: 208 DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6 Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 Cycle time: no flow control=120ns IORDY flow control=120ns Commands/features: Enabled Supported: * SMART feature set Security Mode feature set * Power Management feature set * Write cache * Look-ahead * Host Protected Area feature set * WRITE_BUFFER command * READ_BUFFER command * DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE * Advanced Power Management feature set Power-Up In Standby feature set * SET_FEATURES required to spinup after power up SET_MAX security extension * 48-bit Address feature set * Device Configuration Overlay feature set * Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE * FLUSH_CACHE_EXT * SMART error logging * SMART self-test * General Purpose Logging feature set * WRITE_{DMA|MULTIPLE}_FUA_EXT * 64-bit World wide name Write-Read-Verify feature set * WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command * {READ,WRITE}_DMA_EXT_GPL commands * Segmented DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE unknown 119[6] * Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s) * Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s) * Gen3 signaling speed (6.0Gb/s) * Native Command Queueing (NCQ) * Phy event counters * READ_LOG_DMA_EXT equivalent to READ_LOG_EXT * DMA Setup Auto-Activate optimization Device-initiated interface power management * Software settings preservation unknown 78[7] * SMART Command Transport (SCT) feature set * SCT Write Same (AC2) unknown 206[7] unknown 206[12] (vendor specific) Security: Master password revision code = 65534 supported not enabled not locked not frozen not expired: security count supported: enhanced erase 198min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 198min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT. Logical Unit WWN Device Identifier: 5000c500a8ebeb68 NAA : 5 IEEE OUI : 000c50 Unique ID : 0a8ebeb68 Checksum: correct
4 進行分割槽，由於我要用這塊2T的希捷硬碟做資料盤，因此我將整塊硬碟分成一個主分割槽，不再細分成擴充套件分割槽，邏輯分割槽。現在的系統都是64位的，因此是可以支援2T的主分割槽。
~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1ab94f32. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted. Command (m for help): m #輸入m檢視幫助 Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): p #打印出硬碟資訊 Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1ab94f32 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (m for help): n #選擇new一個分割槽 Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): #回車，預設p 主分割槽 Using default response p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 # 輸入1，選擇第一個主分割槽 First sector (2048-3907029167, default 2048): # 回車，預設起始扇區 Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-3907029167, default 3907029167): #回車，預設結束扇區 Using default value 3907029167 Command (m for help): p #列印一下，檢視，沒有問題 Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1ab94f32 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 3907029167 1953513560 83 Linux Command (m for help): m #檢視幫助，確認要用哪個命令寫入。 Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): w #輸入w，寫入並退出 The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
5 檢視一下所有的硬碟：
~$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000b8bcb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 454848511 227423232 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 454850558 488396799 16773121 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 454850560 488396799 16773120 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
81 heads, 63 sectors/track, 765633 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1ab94f32
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 3907029167 1953513560 83 Linux
6 格式化硬碟，現在的Linux的檔案格式都是ext4的格式了，記得幾年前還有用ext3的格式。
~$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
122101760 inodes, 488378390 blocks
24418919 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
14905 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
7 給新硬碟寫個標籤。
~$ sudo e2label /dev/sdb1 /ext4-2T-disk-1
8 給一個掛載點：
mkdir /home/yourname/dir
9 編輯 /etc/fstab檔案：
gedit /etc/fstab
or
sudo nano /etc/fstab
在檔案的最後一行加入：
LABEL=/ext4-2T-disk-1 /home/yourname/dir ext4 defaults 0 2
10 掛載
~$ sudo mount -a
11 這時候，你會發現掛載的盤，普通使用者無法寫入，需要授權
~$ sudo chown -R $(whoami) /home/yourname/dir
12 擴充套件硬碟工作完成了
13 新硬碟上新建svn根目錄
在 /home/yourname/dir目錄下新建svn目錄，編輯 /etc/apache2/apache2.conf 新增如下內容後
<Location /svn2> ### need change here!!!
DAV svn
SVNPath /home/yourname/dir/svn ### need change here!!!
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Subversion repository"
AuthUserFile /home/svn_data/passwd
Require valid-user
</Location>
重啟apache2伺服器
sudo service apache2 restart
14 新硬碟上新建ftp檔案共享目錄
在 /home/yourname/dir目錄下新建share目錄，編輯 /etc/samba/smb.conf，新增如下內容
[share_disk1] ### need change here!!!
path = /home/yourname/dir/share ### need change here!!!
available = yes
browseable = yes
public = yes
writable = yes
重啟smb伺服器
sudo service smbd restart
15 到此增加硬碟並做相關設定就結束了.
參考地址： https://blog.csdn.net/kangdehua/article/details/72637675