MySQL使用MaxScale實現讀寫分離
阿新 • • 發佈：2021-07-29
1.資料庫節點安裝mysql [root@mysql ~]# yum install https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm -y [root@mysql ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache [root@mysql ~]# yum list | grep mysql-community [root@mysql ~]# yum install mysql-community-* --exclude=mysql-community-release [root@mysql ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0; mysql> set global validate_password_length=4; mysql> alter user root@"localhost" identified by"123456"; mysql> flush privileges; 2.配置主從同步(略) 3.主庫上建立監控賬號、路由賬號和測試賬號 mysql> grant replication slave, replication client on *.* to scalemon@'%' identified by '123456'; mysql> grant select on *.* to maxscale@'%' identified by '123456'; mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to test@'%' identified by '123456'; mysql> flush privileges; 4.maxscale節點安裝maxscale [root@maxscale ~]# wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MaxScale/centos/7/x86_64/maxscale-2.3.7-1.centos.7.x86_64.rpm [root@maxscale ~]# yum localinstall -y maxscale-2.3.7-1.centos.7.x86_64.rpm 5.修改配置檔案 [root@maxscale ~]# vim /etc/maxscale.cnf # MaxScale documentation on GitHub: # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Documentation-Contents.md # Global parameters # # Complete list of configuration options: # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Getting-Started/Configuration-Guide.md [maxscale] threads=auto # 修改執行緒數 # Server definitions # # Set the address of the server to the network # address of a MySQL server. # [server1] type=server address=172.25.25.3 # node1的ip port=3306 protocol=MySQLBackend [server2] type=server address=172.25.25.4 # node2的ip port=3306 protocol=MySQLBackend [server3] type=server address=172.25.25.5 # node3的ip port=3306 protocol=MySQLBackend # Monitor for the servers # # This will keep MaxScale aware of the state of the servers. # MySQL Monitor documentation: # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Monitors/MySQL-Monitor.md [MySQL Monitor] type=monitor module=mysqlmon servers=server1,server2,server3 # 叢集的所有server user=scalemon # 監控賬號 passwd=123456 # 監控賬號密碼 monitor_interval=10000 # 監控的時間間隔，單位為毫秒 assume_unique_hostnames=false # 假定唯一主機名設定為false #https://stackoverflow.com/questions/60525604/maxscale-does-not-split-select-queries # Service definitions # # Service Definition for a read-only service and # a read/write splitting service. # # ReadConnRoute documentation: # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Routers/ReadConnRoute.md # [Read-Only Service] # 讀負載均衡模組，由於讀寫分離模組也能實現讀負載均衡，因此註釋掉該模組 # type=service # router=readconnroute # servers=server1 # user=myuser # passwd=mypwd # router_options=slave # ReadWriteSplit documentation: # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Routers/ReadWriteSplit.md [Read-Write Service] type=service router=readwritesplit servers=server1,server2,server3 # 叢集的所有server user=maxscale # 路由賬號 passwd=123456 # 路由賬號密碼 max_slave_connections=100% # 多少比例的從伺服器被使用，預設就是所有的從伺服器都提供讀服務 # This service enables the use of the MaxAdmin interface # MaxScale administration guide: # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Reference/MaxAdmin.md [MaxAdmin Service] type=service router=cli # Listener definitions for the services # # These listeners represent the ports the # services will listen on. # # [Read-Only Listener] # 註釋該模組 # type=listener # service=Read-Only Service # protocol=MySQLClient # port=4008 [Read-Write Listener] type=listener service=Read-Write Service protocol=MySQLClient port=4006 [MaxAdmin Listener] type=listener service=MaxAdmin Service protocol=maxscaled # socket=default # 註釋該socket port=6603 # 為maxadmin選擇一個埠 6.啟動maxscale [root@maxscale ~]# systemctl start maxscale.service # 預設的使用者名稱和密碼是admin/mariadb [root@maxscale ~]# maxadmin --user=admin --password=mariadb MaxScale> list servers Servers. -------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+-------------------- Server | Address | Port | Connections | Status -------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+-------------------- server1 | 172.25.25.3 | 3306 | 0 | Master, Running server2 | 172.25.25.4 | 3306 | 0 | Slave of External Server, Running server3 | 172.25.25.5 | 3306 | 0 | Slave of External Server, Running -------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+-------------------- MaxScale> show dbusers Read-Write-Service User names (Read-Write-Listener): mysql.session@localhost mysql.sys@localhost [email protected].% scalemon@% maxscale@% mysql.session@localhost 7.測試讀寫分離 [root@maxscale ~]# mysql -utest -p123456 -h172.25.25.2 -P4006 mysql> select @@hostname; +------------+ | @@hostname | +------------+ | master02 | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> begin; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select @@hostname; +------------+ | @@hostname | +------------+ | master01 | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> rollback; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select @@hostname; +------------+ | @@hostname | +------------+ | master02 | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 8.測試讀取負載均衡 [root@maxscale ~]# mysql -utest -p123456 -h172.25.25.2 -P4006 -BNe "select @@hostname;select sleep(1000)" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. master02 另開一個終端 [root@maxscale ~]# mysql -utest -p123456 -h172.25.25.2 -P4006 -BNe "select @@hostname;select sleep(1000)" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. master03 另開一個終端 [root@maxscale ~]# mysql -utest -p123456 -h172.25.25.2 -P4006 -BNe "select @@hostname;select sleep(1000)" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. master02 資料庫伺服器上檢視程序(略) mysql> show processlist; 9.模擬從庫故障 節點2停止salve mysql> stop slave; MaxScale> list servers Servers. -------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+-------------------- Server | Address | Port | Connections | Status -------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+-------------------- server1 | 172.25.25.3 | 3306 | 0 | Master, Running server2 | 172.25.25.4 | 3306 | 0 | Running server3 | 172.25.25.5 | 3306 | 0 | Slave, Running -------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+-------------------- [root@maxscale ~]# mysql -utest -p123456 -h172.25.25.2 -P4006 -BNe "select @@hostname;select sleep(1000)" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. master03 另開一個終端 [root@maxscale ~]# mysql -utest -p123456 -h172.25.25.2 -P4006 -BNe "select @@hostname;select sleep(1000)" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. master03 另開一個終端 [root@maxscale ~]# mysql -utest -p123456 -h172.25.25.2 -P4006 -BNe "select @@hostname;select sleep(1000)" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. master03 可以看到僅由節點3提供讀服務 節點3停止salve mysql> stop slave; MaxScale> list servers Servers. -------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+-------------------- Server | Address | Port | Connections | Status -------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+-------------------- server1 | 172.25.25.3 | 3306 | 3 | Master, Running server2 | 172.25.25.4 | 3306 | 0 | Running server3 | 172.25.25.5 | 3306 | 0 | Running -------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+-------------------- [root@maxscale ~]# mysql -utest -p123456 -h172.25.25.2 -P4006 -BNe "select @@hostname;select sleep(1000)" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. master01 另開一個終端 [root@maxscale ~]# mysql -utest -p123456 -h172.25.25.2 -P4006 -BNe "select @@hostname;select sleep(1000)" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. master01 另開一個終端 [root@maxscale ~]# mysql -utest -p123456 -h172.25.25.2 -P4006 -BNe "select @@hostname;select sleep(1000)" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. master01 可以看到僅由主庫提供讀服務 恢復 mysql> start slave; mysql> start slave; 10.測試從庫延遲 主庫重新授權 mysql> grant all on *.* to scalemon@'%' identified by '123456'; mysql> flush privileges; 修改配置檔案 [root@maxscale ~]# vim /etc/maxscale.cnf [MySQL Monitor] detect_replication_lag=1 # 是否檢查從伺服器的延遲 [Read-Write Service] max_slave_replication_lag=60 # 如果從伺服器的延遲大於該值，就不向該從伺服器轉發連線，單位秒 # 這個引數必須和detect_replication_lag一起設定 節點2鎖表 mysql> flush table with read lock; 主庫寫入資料 mysql> use test; mysql> insert into user values(3,"wangwu"); 等待60秒驗證 [root@maxscale ~]# mysql -utest -p123456 -h172.25.25.2 -P4006 -BNe "select @@hostname;select sleep(1000)" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. master03 另開一個終端 [root@maxscale ~]# mysql -utest -p123456 -h172.25.25.2 -P4006 -BNe "select @@hostname;select sleep(1000)" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. master03 另開一個終端 [root@maxscale ~]# mysql -utest -p123456 -h172.25.25.2 -P4006 -BNe "select @@hostname;select sleep(1000)" mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. master03 可以看到僅由節點3提供讀服務 節點2解鎖表 mysql> unlock table;