Apache靜態元素過期時間

瀏覽器訪問網站的圖片時會把靜態的檔案快取在本地電腦裡，這樣下次再訪問時就不用去遠端下載了。

配置了靜態元素過期時間之後會定期清掉檔案快取

要求：第一次訪問靜態檔案狀態碼為200，之後訪問程式碼為304，將檔案快取到了本地上，通過配置靜態元素過期時間實現定期刪除靜態的檔案快取。

配置靜態元素過期時間

1.放開並增加新的模組

vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf   //主配置檔案
LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so   //放開expires模組
vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf  //增加expires模組
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin [email protected]
    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2.4/docs/www.111.com"
    ServerName www.111.com
    ServerAlias 111.com
    <IfModule mod_expires.c>
        ExpiresActive on  //開啟該功能的開關 
        ExpiresByType image/gif  "access plus 1 days"
        ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 24 hours"
        ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 24 hours"
        ExpiresByType text/css "now plus 2 hour"
        ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "now plus 2 hours"
        ExpiresByType application/javascript "now plus 2 hours"
        ExpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash "now plus 2 hours"
        ExpiresDefault "now plus 0 min"    //其他的沒有快取
    </IfModule>
    ErrorLog "logs/www.111.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/www.111.com-access_log" combined
</VirtualHost>
/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
 

2.對比配置前後的引數資訊

[root@antong extra]# curl -xlocalhost:80 www.111.com/images/img.jpg -I  //配置前
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 07 Aug 2021 04:17:46 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.33 (Unix) PHP/5.6.30
Last-Modified: Wed, 04 Aug 2021 18:02:13 GMT
ETag: "ede7-5c8bf9a161340"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 60903
Content-Type: image/jpeg

[root@antong extra]# curl -xlocalhost:80 www.111.com/images/img.jpg -I  //配置後
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 07 Aug 2021 04:20:12 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.33 (Unix) PHP/5.6.30
Last-Modified: Wed, 04 Aug 2021 18:02:13 GMT
ETag: "ede7-5c8bf9a161340"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 60903
Cache-Control: max-age=86400    //過期時間
Expires: Sun, 08 Aug 2021 04:20:12 GMT
Content-Type: image/jpeg
 

Apache防盜鏈

底層原理：通過限制referer來實現防盜鏈的功能

會有黑客佔用別人伺服器的資源顯示它們的東西，會被佔用壓力。

配置防盜鏈

1.在配置檔案新增Referer

vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf  //增加expires模組
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin [email protected]
    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2.4/docs/www.111.com"
    ServerName www.111.com
    ServerAlias 111.com
    <Directory /usr/local/apache2.4/docs/www.111.com>
        SetEnvIfNoCase Referer "http://www.111.com" local_ref  //設定白名單
        SetEnvIfNoCase Referer "http://111.com" local_ref
        SetEnvIfNoCase Referer "^$" local_ref       //空的Referer能夠直接訪問
        <filesmatch "\.(txt|doc|mp3|zip|rar|jpg|gif)">  //定義這些檔案不設定白名單
            Order Allow,Deny   //定義一個順序，先允許或先拒絕。看誰寫在前面
            Allow from env=local_ref  //允許寫下了前面，允許local_ref訪問
        </filesmatch>
    </Directory>
     ErrorLog "logs/www.111.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/www.111.com-access_log" combined
</VirtualHost>
/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
 

2.curl來檢視配置結果

[root@antong extra]# curl -e "http://www.111.com/123.php" -xlocalhost:80 www.111.com/images/img.jpg -I     //因為從白名單跳轉過來的可以訪問
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 07 Aug 2021 04:45:50 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.33 (Unix) PHP/5.6.30
Last-Modified: Wed, 04 Aug 2021 18:02:13 GMT
ETag: "ede7-5c8bf9a161340"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 60903
Content-Type: image/jpeg

[root@antong extra]# curl -e "http://www.douxue.com/123.php" -xlocalhost:80 www.111.com/images/img.jpg -I    //因為不是從白名單跳轉過來的不可以訪問
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Date: Sat, 07 Aug 2021 04:44:14 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.33 (Unix) PHP/5.6.30
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1