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pytest--fixture之yield實現teardown

前言

  上一篇講到fixture通過scope引數控制setup級別,既然有setup作為用例之前的操作,用例執行完之後那肯定也有teardown操作。

  這裡用到fixture的teardown操作並不是獨立的函式,用yield關鍵字呼喚teardown操作。

scope="module"

1.fixture引數scope="module",module作用是整個.py檔案都會生效,用例呼叫時,引數寫上函式名稱就行。

# coding:utf-8
#test_fix1.py
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def open():
    print("開啟瀏覽器,並且開啟百度")
def test_1(open):
    print("test_1:搜尋fix1")
def test_2(open):
    print("test_2:搜尋fix2")
def test_3(open):
    print("test_3:搜尋fix3")
if __name__=="__main__":
    pytest.main(["-s","test_fix1.py"])

執行結果:

從結果看出,雖然test_1,test_2,test_3三個地方都呼叫了open函式,但是它只會在第一個用例前執行一次。

2.如果test_1不呼叫,test_2(呼叫open),test_3不呼叫,執行順序會是怎樣的?

# coding:utf-8
#test_fix1.py
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def open():
    print("開啟瀏覽器,並且開啟百度")
def test_1():#不呼叫open
    print("test_1:搜尋fix1")
def test_2(open):
    print("test_2:搜尋fix2")
def test_3(open):
    print("test_3:搜尋fix3")
if __name__=="__main__":
    pytest.main(["-s","test_fix1.py"]) 

執行結果:

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.2, pytest-6.1.2, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: D:\study\xyautotest
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.19, Faker-4.18.0, hypothesis-6.14.6, assume-2.4.3, forked-1.3.0, html-2.1.1, metadata-1.10.0, ordering-0.6, rerunfailures-9.1.1, xdist-2.3.0, tep-0.8.9collected 3 items

test_001.py 開啟瀏覽器,並且開啟百度
.test_1:搜尋fix1
.test_2:搜尋fix2
.test_3:搜尋fix3
                                                          [100%]

============================== 3 passed in 0.11s ==============================

從結果看出,module級別的fixture在當前.py模組裡,只會在用例test_2 第一次呼叫前執行一次。

yield執行teardown

1.前面講的是在用例前加前置條件,相當於setup,既然有setup那就有teardown,fixture裡面的teardown用yield來喚醒teardown的執行。

# coding:utf-8
#test_fix1.py
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def open():
    print("開啟瀏覽器,並且開啟百度")
    yield
    print("執行teardown")
    print("最後關閉瀏覽器")
def test_1(open):
    print("test_1:搜尋fix1")
def test_2():
    print("test_2:搜尋fix2")
def test_3():
    print("test_3:搜尋fix3")
if __name__=="__main__":
    pytest.main(["-s","test_fix1.py"])

執行結果:

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.2, pytest-6.1.2, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: D:\study\xyautotest
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.19, Faker-4.18.0, hypothesis-6.14.6, assume-2.4.3, forked-1.3.0, html-2.1.1, metadata-1.10.0, ordering-0.6, rerunfailures-9.1.1, xdist-2.3.0, tep-0.8.9collected 3 items

test_001.py 開啟瀏覽器,並且開啟百度
.test_1:搜尋fix1
.test_2:搜尋fix2
.test_3:搜尋fix3
執行teardown
最後關閉瀏覽器
                                                          [100%]

============================== 3 passed in 0.12s ==============================


yield遇到異常

1.如果其中一個用例出現異常,不影響yield後面的teardown執行,執行結果互不影響,並且全部用例執行完之後,yield呼喚teardown操作

# coding:utf-8
#test_fix1.py
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def open():
    print("開啟瀏覽器,並且開啟百度")
    yield
    print("執行teardown")
    print("最後關閉瀏覽器")
def test_1(open):
    print("test_1:搜尋fix1")
    raise NameError
def test_2():
    print("test_2:搜尋fix2")
def test_3():
    print("test_3:搜尋fix3")
if __name__=="__main__":
    pytest.main(["-s","test_fix1.py"]) 

執行結果:

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.2, pytest-6.1.2, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: D:\study\xyautotest
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.19, Faker-4.18.0, hypothesis-6.14.6, assume-2.4.3, forked-1.3.0, html-2.1.1, metadata-1.10.0, ordering-0.6, rerunfailures-9.1.1, xdist-2.3.0, tep-0.8.9collected 3 items

test_001.py 開啟瀏覽器,並且開啟百度
Ftest_1:搜尋fix1

test_001.py:8 (test_1)
open = None

    def test_1(open):
        print("test_1:搜尋fix1")
>       raise NameError
E       NameError

test_001.py:11: NameError
.test_2:搜尋fix2
.test_3:搜尋fix3
執行teardown
最後關閉瀏覽器
                                                          [100%]

================================== FAILURES ===================================
___________________________________ test_1 ____________________________________

open = None

    def test_1(open):
        print("test_1:搜尋fix1")
>       raise NameError
E       NameError

test_001.py:11: NameError
---------------------------- Captured stdout setup ----------------------------
開啟瀏覽器,並且開啟百度
---------------------------- Captured stdout call -----------------------------
test_1:搜尋fix1
=========================== short test summary info ===========================
FAILED test_001.py::test_1 - NameError
========================= 1 failed, 2 passed in 0.35s =========================

2.如果在setup就異常了,那麼是不會去執行yield後面的teardown內容了

# coding:utf-8
#test_fix1.py
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def open():
    print("開啟瀏覽器,並且開啟百度")
    raise NameError
    yield
    print("執行teardown")
    print("最後關閉瀏覽器")
def test_1(open):
    print("test_1:搜尋fix1")
def test_2():
    print("test_2:搜尋fix2")
def test_3():
    print("test_3:搜尋fix3")
if __name__=="__main__":
    pytest.main(["-s","test_fix1.py"]) 

執行結果:

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.2, pytest-6.1.2, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: D:\study\xyautotest
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.19, Faker-4.18.0, hypothesis-6.14.6, assume-2.4.3, forked-1.3.0, html-2.1.1, metadata-1.10.0, ordering-0.6, rerunfailures-9.1.1, xdist-2.3.0, tep-0.8.9collected 3 items

test_001.py E開啟瀏覽器,並且開啟百度

test setup failed
@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
    def open():
        print("開啟瀏覽器,並且開啟百度")
>       raise NameError
E       NameError

test_001.py:6: NameError
.test_2:搜尋fix2
.test_3:搜尋fix3
                                                          [100%]

=================================== ERRORS ====================================
__________________________ ERROR at setup of test_1 ___________________________

    @pytest.fixture(scope="module")
    def open():
        print("開啟瀏覽器,並且開啟百度")
>       raise NameError
E       NameError

test_001.py:6: NameError
---------------------------- Captured stdout setup ----------------------------
開啟瀏覽器,並且開啟百度
=========================== short test summary info ===========================
ERROR test_001.py::test_1 - NameError
========================= 2 passed, 1 error in 0.25s ==========================


addfinalizer終結函式

1.除了yield可以實現teardown,在request-context物件中註冊addfinalizer方法也可以實現終結函式。

2.yield和addfinalizer方法都是在測試完成後呼叫相應的程式碼。但是addfinalizer不同的是:

  • 他可以註冊多個終結函式。
  • 這些終結方法總是會被執行,無論在之前的setup code有沒有丟擲錯誤。這個方法對於正確關閉所有的fixture建立的資源非常便利,即使其一在建立或獲取時失敗