linxu檔案查詢、字元處理、字元擷取、字元替換、統計命令
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-07-12
練習題
第一題 [root@wzh ~]# grep 'nologin$' /etc/passwd bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin nginx:x:998:996:Nginx web server:/var/lib/nginx:/sbin/nologin ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin 第二題 [root@wzh ~]# ifconfig|grep -w '10.0.0.200'|cut -d ' ' -f 10 10.0.0.200 第三題 [root@wzh ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux|sed 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted 第四題 [root@wzh ~]# cat web.log|cut -d '/' -f3|sort|uniq -c 1 mp3.driverzeng.com 2 post.driverzeng.com 3 www.driverzeng.com 第五題 [wzh@wzh root]$ su wzh Password: su: Authentication failure [wzh@wzh root]$ ^C [wzh@wzh root]$ [wzh@wzh root]$ [wzh@wzh root]$ whoami wzh 第六題 wzh@wzh ~]$ touch song{1..6}.mp3 [wzh@wzh ~]$ ll total 0 -rw-rw-r--. 1 wzh wzh 0 Mar 24 02:06 song1.mp3 -rw-rw-r--. 1 wzh wzh 0 Mar 24 02:06 song2.mp3 -rw-rw-r--. 1 wzh wzh 0 Mar 24 02:06 song3.mp3 -rw-rw-r--. 1 wzh wzh 0 Mar 24 02:06 song4.mp3 -rw-rw-r--. 1 wzh wzh 0 Mar 24 02:06 song5.mp3 -rw-rw-r--. 1 wzh wzh 0 Mar 24 02:06 song6.mp3 第七題 [wzh@wzh ~]$ mv song{1..6}.mp3 Music 第八題 [wzh@wzh ~]$ mkdir friends family workl [wzh@wzh ~]$ ll 第九題 [wzh@wzh friends]$ cp ../Music/song{1..3}.mp3 . [wzh@wzh friends]$ ll total 0 -rw-rw-r--. 1 wzh wzh 0 Mar 24 02:37 song1.mp3 -rw-rw-r--. 1 wzh wzh 0 Mar 24 02:37 song2.mp3 -rw-rw-r--. 1 wzh wzh 0 Mar 24 02:37 song3.mp3 第十題 [wzh@wzh family]$ mv ../Music/song{4,5,6}.mp3 . [wzh@wzh family]$ ll total 0 -rw-rw-r--. 1 wzh wzh 0 Mar 24 02:06 song4.mp3 -rw-rw-r--. 1 wzh wzh 0 Mar 24 02:06 song5.mp3 -rw-rw-r--. 1 wzh wzh 0 Mar 24 02:06 song6.mp3 十一題 cd 十二題 [wzh@wzh ~]$ rm -rf family 十三題 [wzh@wzh friends]$ rm -rf ./* [wzh@wzh friends]$ ll total 0 十四題 [wzh@wzh ~]$ rm -rf friends
檔案查詢命令
# 查詢⽂件或⽬錄locate yum install -y mlocate updatedb [root@localhost opt]# locate /etc/sh /etc/shadow /etc/shadow- /etc/shells 命令查詢 [root@wzh wzh]# which cat /usr/bin/cat $():執⾏命令的結果 ``:執⾏命令的結果 type -a [root@wzh wzh]# type -a grep grep is aliased to `grep --color=auto' grep is /usr/bin/grep [root@wzh wzh]# whereis cat cat: /usr/bin/cat /usr/share/man/man1/cat.1.gz 命令路徑查詢
字元處理命令
sort 排序，預設以首字母順序排序 -t:指定分隔符 -r：倒敘排序，從大到小 -n:以數字大小排序，從小到大 -k:指定按哪一列排序 /etc/passwd檔案指定：分隔符以數值大小進行倒敘排序 [root@wzh wzh]# cat /etc/passwd|sort -t ':' -rnk3 wsh1:x:1002:1002::/home/wsh1:/bin/bash wzh1:x:1001:1001::/home/wzh1:/bin/bash wzh:x:1000:1000::/home/wzh:/bin/bash polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin nginx:x:998:996:Nginx web server:/var/lib/nginx:/sbin/nologin systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin ---- 以冒號為分隔符取第三列從小到大排序 [root@wzh wzh]# cat /etc/passwd|sort -t ':' -nk3 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown 把相同的數字放在一起 [root@wzh wzh]# cat 123.txt|sort 123 123 456 456789 456789 789 uniq 去重命令還可以統計重複幾次 [root@wzh wzh]# cat 123.txt|sort|uniq 123 456 456789 789 統計重複次數 [root@wzh wzh]# cat 123.txt|sort|uniq -c 2 123 1 456 2 456789 1 789
字元擷取命令
cut
-d:指定分隔符
-f:指定區域
-c:按照字元擷取
以冒號為分隔符取第三列
[root@wzh wzh]# cat /etc/passwd|cut -d ':' -f3
以冒號為分隔符取第三，五，六列
[root@wzh wzh]# cat /etc/passwd|cut -d ':' -f3,5,6
取字元
[root@wzh wzh]# cat /etc/passwd|cut -c 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
oot:x:0:
in:x:1:1
aemon:x:
dm:x:3:4
p:x:4:7:
ync:x:5:
hutdown:
alt:x:7:
ail:x:8:
字元替換命令
把2替換成空格
[root@wzh wzh]# cat 123.txt|tr '2' ' '
1 3
456789
1 3
統計命令
-l:統計行數
-c:統計字元
-w:統計單詞
統計/etc/services檔案行數
[root@wzh wzh]# less /etc/services|wc -l
11176
統計/etc/services檔案單詞
[root@wzh wzh]# less /etc/services|wc -w
61033
統計/etc/services檔案有多少字元
[root@wzh wzh]# less /etc/services|wc -c
670293